leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a malaria-like parasite called leishmania in human and some species of animals. detection of leishmaniasis has always been crucial for control and treatment of the disease. different strategies have been approached for detection of leishmania. in this review methods used for detection of leishmania infection have been discussed and compared.

many political concepts as well as technology exported to various regions of the world from europe after renaissance, industrial revolution and protestantism. meanwhile western technology andconcepts of political philosophy came to iran since nineteenth century. republicanism was one of these concepts. this concept and idea as one of the most factors in iranian contemporary political - social t...