Welfare effect of tariff for a small country in the case of traditional tariff (exogenous) compared to free trade would decrease the welfare of the country. This paper has shown that the welfare effect of tariff in case of untraditional tariff (endogenous) can be explained by using the specific factors models (Jones) that fundamentally determined by Cournut- Nash Equilibrium system in contrary ...

according to endogenous tariff hypothesis, tariff is endogenously determined by the set of political economy factors. using the co- integrated var approach and in the framework of the hypothesis, the present study examined the determinants of tariff protection in iran over the period 1971-2010. based on the results, though no evidence has been obtained about the impact of unemployment and impor...

We study the design of pricing schemes for a group of consumers with smart meters (e.g., in a Greenfield area) who are connected through a gateway to a traditional electricity greed with a progressive tariff. Because the progressive tariff cannot take into account the time aspect of electricity demands, we apply it to consumers in both an individual and a group basis over a shorter time period,...

Since the 1960s, non-tariff measures (NTMs) have been continuously replacing tariffs as core element of trade negotiations. In 21st century, they take centre stage in all EU agreements with industrialised and emerging economies. By matching product codes to rich data NTM notifications World Trade Organization merging information provided by Temporary Barriers Database, we provide a valuable ope...

This paper shows that governments have no incentive to introduce non-tariff barriers when they are free to set tariffs but they do when tariffs are determined cooperatively. We then show three results. First, with trade liberalization, there is a progression from using tariffs only to quotas, and to antidumping constraints (when quotas are jointly eliminated). Second, there is a narrowing of th...