Diseases in fruit cause devastating problem in economic losses and production in agricultural industry worldwide. In this paper, an adaptive approach for the identification of fruit diseases is proposed and experimentally validated. The image processing based proposed approach is composed of the following main steps; in the first step K-Means clustering technique is used for the defect segmenta...

Genome editing is a powerful technique for genome modification in molecular research and crop breeding, and has the great advantage of imparting novel desired traits to genetic resources. However, the genome editing of fruit tree plantlets remains to be established. In this study, we describe induction of a targeted gene mutation in the endogenous apple phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene using the ...

1 The MathWorks, Inc., Simulink Development, 3 Apple Hill Dr., Natick, MA 01760-2098, U.S.A. 2 The MathWorks, Inc., Application Engineering, 39555 Orchard Hill Place, Novi, MI 48375-5374, U.S.A. 3 The MathWorks, Inc., xPC Target Development, 3 Apple Hill Dr., Natick, MA 01760-2098, U.S.A. 4 The MathWorks, Inc., Technical Marketing, 39555 Orchard Hill Place, Novi, MI 48375-5374, U.S.A. 5 The Mat...

Laccase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus is significantly increased by the addition of apple pomace. Among various conditions, the best concentration of apple pomace and cultivation time for the production of laccase by P. ostreatus was 2.5% and 9 days, respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of laccase isoenzyme genes, including pox1, pox3, pox4, poxc, poxa3, and ...

Field A: Source planting of all transgenic apple plants expressing sense/antisense S6PDH. This planting was already in existence at the start of this project and contains all of the source materials of different transgenic clones planted in a randomized design on their own roots at a 15x15 ft spacing. The plot contains 354 apple trees of which 53 are control trees of the golden delicious apple ...

In this experiment the effect of edible coating (apricot gum) was used to extend the shelf life of apple slices. The edible coating was applied at different concentrations i.e. 0.5, 1, 2 and 3%. Physicochemical characteristics of edible coated apple slices were analyzed at different time intervals. The analysis was carried out for 12 days with an interval of 4 days. Results showed that the trea...

Synthetic melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) is popular in the US and Asian markets as a health supplement. Here, we identified a naturally occurring melatonin source in apple juice. Melatonin was present in all 18 apple cultivars tested. The highest melatonin level of the edible part of apple was detected in the apple peel. The melatonin content in 'Fuji' apple juice is comparable to...

This paper uses a business model framework to analyze the main limitations of Apple Inc. post-2003, a significant turning point in the company’s history. As such, we move beyond an exclusive focus on what makes Apple unique or different by evaluating the mundane and out-dated elements of its business model. To do so, we examine the end-to-end supply chain, from source to store, to present a mor...

BACKGROUND Polyphenols have a favourable antioxidant potential on human health, suggesting that their high content in apple is responsible for the beneficial effects of apple consumption. They are also linked to the quality of apple juices and ciders since they are predominantly responsible for astringency, bitterness and colour. Major phenolic compounds were quantified by liquid chromatography...

The plant-specific LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES domain) genes belong to a major family of transcription factor that encode a zinc finger-like domain. It has been shown that LBD genes play crucial roles in the growth and development of Arabidopsis and other plant species. However, no detailed information concerning this family is available for apple. In the present study, we analyzed the apple ...