This article describes an alternative surgical instrument that can be used for suspension of the malar fat pad. The needle was created using Kirschner wire to ensure that both tips were blunt. The double tip allows for passage of the wire through the superficial muscular aponeurotic system, ensuring that the suture is sufficiently deep to avoid dermatography. The utility of the new instrument w...

The cubital region of the arm is a common site for recording blood pressure, taking blood for analysis and administering intravenous therapy and blood transfusions. During the routine dissection of a 70-year-old male cadaver at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, in 2015, it was observed that the aponeurotic insertion of the biceps brachii muscle divided into two slips. The...

This very thin, delicate fascia is found just deep to the skin and envelopes the muscles of the head and neck including platysma and the muscles of facial expression. It is so thin that it may be difficult to identify when incising the neck. It extends from the epicranium above to the axillae and upper chest below and includes the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system/SMAS. The space deep to t...

A set of tendons, aponeurotic sheets and retinaculae, which transduce muscle action from proximal limb levels to flexion and extension of the digits, is found in limbs of many vertebrates. This set of structures, here termed the digit tendon complex, is described for the axolotl forelimb. We show that the complex forms autonomously in muscleless axolotl limb regenerates produced from a cuff of ...

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction. Ocular myasthenia gravis presents as ptosis with extraocular motility restriction and is prone to be misdiagnosed as third nerve palsy or congenital or aponeurotic ptosis. Juvenile ocular myasthenia gravis in very young children is difficult to diagnose and can be easily labeled as a case of congenital ptosis, the...

The attention is focused on the viscoelastic behavior of human plantar aponeurosis tissue. At this purpose, stress relaxation tests were developed on samples taken from the plantar aponeurosis of frozen adult donors with age ranging from 67 to 78 years, imposing three levels of strain in the physiological range (4%, 6%, and 8%) and observing stress decay for 240 s. A viscohyperelastic fiber-rei...

A hernia is a protrusion of abdominal content (preperitoneal fat, omentum or abdominal organs) through an abdominal wall defect. Anatomically the most important features of a hernia are the hernial orifice and the hernia (peritoneal) sac, if present. The hernial orifice is represented by the primary defect in the aponeurotic layer of the abdomen, and the hernial sac by the bulging peritoneum. T...