OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for inpatient apnea among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. METHODS We enrolled 2207 children, aged <2 years, hospitalized with bronchiolitis at 16 sites during the winters of 2007 to 2010. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were obtained on all subjects, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to test NPA samples for 16 viruses. Inpatient apne...

BACKGROUND Despite increased recognition of sleep apnea as a major health problem, little is known about physician practice patterns regarding this condition. METHODS We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data between the years of 1990 to 1998, a weighted estimate of the frequency of physicians' diagnoses nationwide in their outpatient practices, to address the following...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There has been no nationwide population-based study of the prevalence of self-perceived snoring/apnea in Korean adolescents. The purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of self-perceived snoring/apnea in Korean high-school students and to evaluate their association with daytime sleepiness. METHODS An online survey was used to investigate 12,672 students at 75 h...

Hyperventilation is a common feature of disordered breathing. Apnea ensues if CO2 drive is sufficiently reduced. We tested the hypothesis that medullary raphé, ventral respiratory column (VRC), and pontine neurons have functional connectivity and persistent or evoked activities appropriate for roles in the suppression of drive and rhythm during hyperventilation and apnea. Phrenic nerve activity...

Over the past 20 years, increasing data have accumulated underscoring the public health importance of sleep apnea with growing evidence of its high prevalence and myriad clinical manifestations. This condition, rarely diagnosed in the past, had been considered to occur predominantly as a manifestation of morbid obesity and considered to affect almost exclusively middle-aged men. Sleepiness and ...

Methods Sixty-four HF patients with New York Heart Association functional class II and III HF and ejection fraction !40% underwent a baseline sleep study. Five patients with no sleep apnea and 12 with severe sleep apnea underwent repeat sleep studies, during which blood was collected every 20 min for the measurement of BNP. Patients with severe sleep apnea also underwent a third sleep study wit...

BACKGROUND The effect of sleep apnea on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity is mainly unknown. We aimed to study whether sleep apnea is related to stroke, death, or myocardial infarction in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 392 men and women with coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography were examined by use of overnight sleep...

OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by increased upper airway collapsibility during sleep. The present study investigated the use of the negative expiratory pressure test as a method to rule out obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS Flow limitation was evaluated in 155 subjects. All subjects underwent a diurnal negative expiratory pressure test and a nocturnal sleep study. The sever...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with ischemic stroke and to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment. METHODS Overnight polysomnography was performed by a computerized system in 19 subjects with ischemic stroke. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index > or = 5 were considered to have obstructive sleep apnea....

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common disorder with important health consequences such as cognitive and behavioral problems, delay in somatic growth and cardiovascular complications. Polysomnography is used to diagnose and evaluate the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this review is to discuss the definition, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of obstruct...