AIM To analyse the anatomy of the root canal system of maxillary premolars with three distinct roots using high-resolution computed tomography (μCT). METHODOLOGY Ten three-rooted human maxillary premolars were scanned transversally from crown to apex at 42μm intervals using a high-resolution desktop μTC system (Skyscan 1072). The images were processed and analysed for the following features: ...

Calcium deposited within a root canal due to exogenous stimuli may hamper root canal treatment. In endodontic treatment, an operating microscope allows the conditions within the root canal to be directly viewed and evaluated. This report describes a case in which an operating microscope was used to facilitate the excision of a calcified structure from within a root canal at an early stage in th...

INTRODUCTION Preparation techniques and instruments produce and push debris out of canals. This can induce inflammation within the periapical area. Therefore, instrumentation that causes less extrusion of debris is more desirable. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the quantity of debris extruded from the apical foramen during root canal preparation by using one hand, and two ro...

OBJECTIVES Obtaining the proper working length in endodontic treatment is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the working length (WL) assessment of small diameter K-files using the two different digital imaging methods. METHODOLOGY The samples for this in-vitro experimental study consisted of 40 extracted single-rooted premolars. After access cavity preparation, the ISO files no. ...

C-shaped canal is one of the most difficult situations with which dentist confronted during endodontic treatment teeth. Recognition unusual variation in configuration critical because it has been established that root a single tapering and apical foramen exception rather than rule. The early recognition these configurations facilitates cleaning, shaping obturation system. “C” configuration, an ...

The success of endodontic treatment is highly dependent on the adequate three-dimensional cleaning, shaping, disinfection, and obturation of the root canal system. It is universally accepted that the correct determination of the working length (WL) is one of the crucial steps in the process of a successful treatment. It is believed that root canal preparation and filling should be kept inside t...

BACKGROUND The mental foramen is a strategically important landmark during osteotomy procedures. Its location and the possibility that an anterior loop of the mental nerve may be present mesial to the mental foramen needs to be considered before implant surgery to avoid mental nerve injury. METHODS Articles that addressed the position, number, and size of the mental foramen, mental nerve anat...

Introduction: Studying the position of mental foramen and its morphological variations help to localize the mental nerve and thus prevent complications during surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 40 dry adult human mandibles in the department of anatomy, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center. Parameters like incidence, position, direction, s...