The effects of Arnica montana 6cH on the individual modulation of acute inflammation kinetics in rats were evaluated. Adult male Wistar rats were inoculated with 1% carrageenan into the footpad and treated with Arnica montana 6cH, dexamethasone (4.0 mg/kg; positive control) or 5% hydroalcoholic solution (negative control), per os, each 15 minutes, between 30 and 180 minutes after the irritant i...

There are three distinct questions associated with Simpson’s paradox. (i) Why or in what sense is Simpson’s paradox a paradox? (ii) What is the proper analysis of the paradox? (iii) How one should proceed when confronted with a typical case of the paradox?We propose a “formal” answer to the first two questions which, among other things, includes deductive proofs for important theorems regarding...

The purpose of the present study was to determine if junior high school students with and without histories of otitis media differed in their reading abilities. Reading scores from the SRA Achievement Test(1978) were analyzed for sets of pair—matched students. Paired t-tests revealed that for the majority of the subtests analyzed, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Th...

This article was republished on November 10, 2014, to correct errors in the online version only. The two affiliations for the second author, Bridget M. Barker, were omitted. These are now correct in the online version and are the following: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America Current address: Pathogen Genomics Division,...

1 Department of Biology, Queens College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA, 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA, 4 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 5 Department of Land Resources and Enviro...

A pilot cropland carbon sequestration program within north central Montana has allowed farmers to receive carbon credit for management adjustments associated with changing from tillage-based agricultural systems to no-till. Carbon credit can also be obtained by adopting conservation reserve, where cropland is planted into perennial vegetation. Summer fallowing is also considered within the cred...