BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may link to psychiatric disorders, and is being regarded as a plausible mechanism that can affect the regulation of these illnesses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic potential of A. hydaspica R. parkers. Brain oxidative stress enzyme levels were analyzed to correlate depression and stress with brain antioxidant status....

Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric disorders, often requiring prolonged pharmacotherapy with many adverse effects. So, traditionally used medicinal plants may be safer alternatives. Reports of anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Ocimum sanctum are scarce and no studies are available on the combination of plant extract with reduced dosage of standard drugs. Our aim was to evalua...

Estrogens are reported to have both anxiogenic and anxiolytic properties. This dichotomous neurobiological response to estrogens may be mediated by the existence of two distinct estrogen receptor (ER) systems, ER and ER . In brain, ER plays a critical role in regulating reproductive neuroendocrine function, whereas ER may be more important in regulating nonreproductive functions. To determine w...

Atypical antipsychotics are also used in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders. Clinical and preclinical evidence regarding their intrinsic anxiolytic efficacy has been mixed. In this study, we examined the potential anxiolytic-like effects of risperidone and olanzapine, and compared them with haloperidol, chlordiazepoxide (a prototype of sedative-anxiolytic drug) or citalopram (a selectiv...

Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide whose receptor is designated ORL1 or nociceptin receptor (NOP). We utilized a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist with documented engagement with NOP receptors in vivo to assess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-related pharmacological effects of NOP receptor blockade along with measures of cognitive and motor impingement....

Benzodiazepine receptor agonists are widely prescribed therapeutic agents that alter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A activity and have anxiolytic effects. Post-operative use of benzodiazepines is a risk factor delirium. Inflammatory conditions the effects benzodiazepine. We investigated effect diazepam, typical benzodiazepine anxiolytic, on changes in emotional behavior mice hole-board test aft...

BACKGROUND Rapid tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol appears to be an important factor in the development of alcoholism. Here, we investigated the involvement of amygdaloid histone deacetylases (HDAC)-induced epigenetic changes in rapid ethanol tolerance (RET). METHODS RET in rats was induced by 2 ethanol injections administered 24 hours apart. Both ethanol-tolerant and control rat...

Increasing evidence suggests that 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R) is implicated in anxiety disorders. However, the mechanism underlying the role of 5-HT(1A)R in these diseases remains unknown. Here, we show that 5-HT(1A)R-selective agonist 8-OH-DPAT and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine downregulated hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, whereas 5-HT...

Background: The most widely prescribed medications for anxiety disorders are the Benzodiazepines; however, they have prominent side effects. Thus, interest in alternative medicine that affects the mind is growing. In Morocco folk medicine, the use of Mercurialis annua is commonly recommended for relief of anxiety, although no scientific information supporting this use is available and therefore...

Due to sedation, anticonvulsant and anti-pain effects, Leonuruscardiaca hashad a special place in traditional medicine of Iran and any of countries. The chemical composition of this plant contain alkaloids (stachydrine, Leonurine), Iridoid glycosides, labdanediterpene and terpene lactones like (Leo carlin and macrobid side), flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins that these substances may affec...