background homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which formed (mainly in the liver) during the metabolism of methionine. prior studies indicated the important role of hyperhomocysteinemia in pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease, liver steatosis and cirrhosis. one of the most important mechanisms by which homocysteine promote the development of hepatic injury is oxida...

Cadmium (Cd), as a widespread metal pollutant, readily accumulates in the food chain due to its easy absorption and high mobility. The endophytic fungi are cosmopolitan microorganisms that occur widely in association with plants in a heavy metal stress environment. A current pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Piriformospora indica, as a root endosymbiotic fungus, on the b...

Biopyrrin is an oxidative metabolite of bilirubin. Biopyrrin is a tripyrrol moiety of bilirubin, including two regioisomers (biotripyrrin-a, 1,14,15,17tetrahydro-2,7,13-trimethyl-1,14-deoxy-3-vinyl-16Htripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid and biotripyrrin-b, 1,14,15,17-tetrahydro-3,7,13-trimethyl-1,14-deoxy2-vinyl-16H-tripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid: Fig. 1). For many years, bilirubin was regarded as...

Supraphysiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. One the diseases pathophysiologically associated with ROS accumulation is canine distemper (CD). The purpose this study was compare lipid peroxidation antioxidant biomarkers in dogs infected virus (CDV) healthy dogs. animals consisted total 20 dogs, 1...

Citrus flavonoids have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks prominently due to their antioxidant effects. Here we investigated the protective effect of pummelo (Citrus maxima, CM) fruit juice in rat cardiac H9c2 cells against doxorubicin (DOX-) induced cytotoxicity. Four antioxidant compositions (ascorbic acid, hesperidin, naringin, and gallic acid) were determined by HPLC. C...

This study was to compare the relative level of antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of root bark of Berberis lycium Royle., in different test systems of antioxidant determination i.e ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power assay. In all these assays the antioxidant activity of extract was compared to t...

heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem with serious environmental consequences. the objective of the present experiment was to investigate whether arginine as nitric oxide precursor and or polyamines substrate can decrease the destructive effects of oxidative stress induced by nickel contamination in hyoscyamus niger plant. in this study the effects of arginine pretreatment on alkaloid co...

Brewer’s spent grain is the residue left after separation of wort during beer-brewing process. Although this by-product has been reported to have a high protein content, it normally treated as waste. This work aims isolate bioactive hydrolysates from BSG, and then explore their bioactivities. Two groups (A B) BSG were subjected extraction using alkaline method at pH 12, where group A was pre-tr...