Background and Aims: Influenza is an acute respiratory illness that is caused by a virus belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. This virus spreads rapidly every year in cold season and leads to morbidities and mortalities especially in adults and children, which causes billions of dollars of economic losses. Accordingly, development of a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive laboratory diagnosis base...

As the COVID-19 epidemic is still ongoing, a more rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as viral antigen-detection needs to be evaluated for early diagnosis disease. Here, we report dynamic changes antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs patients and its association with nucleic acid clearance clinical outcomes. Eighty-five were enrolled antigens, including 57 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative ...

Vitamin D plays an important role in supporting the immune system. Its expression on vital cells like B, T, and antigen-presenting has become topic of research response to current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose vitamin is not only bones muscle development, but also its involvement regulation mood

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, is not effective in adults, therefore, many efforts have been made to produce an effective adult TB vaccine. The aim of this study was to develop a new tuberculosis DNA vaccine candidate encoding a recombinant HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigen of M. tuberculosis. Methods: ...

Abstract Atypical B cells are generated during a normal adaptive immune response, yet the role of these in protective immunity is still largely unknown. Here, we used chronic Plasmodium falciparum exposure as model to gain insight into function and potential heterogeneity atypical response infection. To this end, performed single-cell sequencing on circulating from malaria-experienced individua...

background : toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, capable of infecting all species of mammals including man. congenital toxoplasmosis is more important during pregnancy for the first time. in this study we expressed and purified p43 toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite and bradyzoite specific surface antigen. methods : the recombinant pgemex-1 contained toxoplasma p43 codi...

Hepatitis B surface antigen is the first genetically engineered vaccine licensed for human use. Various strategies have been proposed to obtain a vaccine that would bypass the need for injection. In this study, a non-toxic portion of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli that is capable of adhering to epithelial cells was inserted at amino acid position 112 of hepatitis surface antigen. T...

  Objective(s): Streptokinase (SKa) is an antigenic protein which is secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptokinase induces inflammation by complement activation, which may play a role in post infectious diseases. In the present study, recombinant streptokinase from S. pyogenes was produced and showed that recombinant SKa protein was recognized by infected human sera using Western blot analy...

The expression of Ia antigen by various murine and human macrophage populations and the ability of prostaglandins of the E series to regulate Ia antigen expression were explored. Monocytes and macrophages from human and murine populations demonstrated a dichotomy in the expression of Ia antigen. Both human monocytes and macrophages expressed elevated levels of Ia antigen compared to their murin...