More elderly patients now undergo gastrointestinal endoscopy following recent advances in endoscopic techniques. In this study, we conducted a high-risk survey of endoscopies in Japan, using a questionnaire administered prior to upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (UGITE), and identified anticholinergic agents and glucagon preparations as high-risk premedication. We also evaluated the cardio...

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) commonly occurs on treatment with neuroleptics, it is also reported in patients who suddenly stop drugs like levodopa, amitriptyline and imipramine. We report a case of NMS, which occurred in a patient on lithium, haloperidol and trihexyphenidyl (THP) after sudden discontinuation of THP. The cholinergic system, through its effect on the dopaminergic syst...

OBJECTIVE to examine the effect of medications with anticholinergic effects on cognitive impairment and deterioration in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). METHODS cognitive function was measured at baseline and at 6- and 18-month follow-up using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Battery, Cognitive subsection (ADAS-COG) in a ...

cortical activity through activation of muscarinic receptors. Brain regions containing cholinergic neurons include the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and the medial septal nuclei (MSN), which send diffuse projections to cortex.1-3 Brains of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) exhibit loss of cholinergic neurons in the NBM and MSN.4 These findings have lent considerable support to the choli...

OBJECTIVE To assess the potential of anticholinergic drugs as a cause of non-degenerative mild cognitive impairment in elderly people. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING 63 randomly selected general practices in the Montpellier region of southern France. PARTICIPANTS 372 people aged > 60 years without dementia at recruitment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anticholinergic burden from drug...

OBJECTIVES The intravenous (IV) injection of tropicamide for non-clinical purposes is a new and widespread drug trend. The aim of this study is to provide the first literature review on the topic. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE, Psycinfo, Google Scholar, conference proceedings and select citations. RESULTS Cases of tropicamide (IV) injection have been...