نتایج جستجو برای: anthrax spore
تعداد نتایج: 13072 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The spores of pathogenic bacteria are involved in host entry and the initial encounter with the host immune system. How bacterial spores interact with host immunity, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the spores of Bacillus anthracis (BA), the etiologic agent of anthrax, possess an intrinsic ability to induce host immune responses. This immunostimulatory activity is attribut...
The use of anthrax as a model system dates back to the late 19th century and Koch's initial investigations into the transmission of infectious diseases (Koch, 1877). These studies, coupled with his subsequent investigations into tuberculosis, enabled Koch to formulate the first set of rules that were used to determine the etiology of a human infectious disease. Koch's postulates, as these rules...
Although all U.S. Armed Forces personnel have been ordered to receive the anthrax vaccine, questions remain concerning its efficacy and safety and its intended use to counter a biological weapons threat. Since published data on the anthrax vaccine are scarce, it is difficult if not impossible to evaluate claims on its effectiveness and safety. In addition, questions concerning its safety have b...
Introduction The bacterium that causes anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, has been with us throughout recorded history. The organism is unique because it is the only aerobic spore forming bacterium that appears to be an obligate parasite. It has been suggested that the organism has a natural cycle of replication within the soil1 but there is no evidence that this occurs consistently, if at all, becau...
Anti-protective antigen antibody was reported to enhance macrophage killing of ingested Bacillus anthracis spores, but it was unclear whether the antibody-mediated macrophage killing mechanism was directed against the spore itself or the vegetative form emerging from the ingested and germinating spore. To address this question, we compared the killing of germination-proficient (gp) and germinat...
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