We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of two-dimensional frictionless granular materials to determine whether these systems can be characterized by a single static yield shear stress. We consider boundary-driven planar shear at constant volume and either constant shear force or constant shear velocity. Under steady flow conditions, these two ensembles give similar results for the ...

The effects of various postchill deboning times on functional, color, yield, and sensory attributes of broiler breast meat were determined. Broiler breast muscles were deboned at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postmortem, and pH, color change, cooking yield, shear force values, and sensory traits of the breast meat were recorded. Data were examined by multivariate data analysis, namely principal component a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anterior shift of the body's center of gravity (CG) and the associated inertial forces produced by 2 styles of a partial forward lunge. SETTING Gait-analysis laboratory of a research institution. PARTICIPANTS 10 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTION 3 trials of each lunge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Kinematic data were collected, and inertial reaction forces were resolve...

Previous gait studies on squatting have described a rapid reversal in the direction of the tibiofemoral joint shear reaction force when going into a full weight-bearing deep knee flexion squat. The effects of such a shear reversal have not been considered with regard to the loading demand on knee implants in patients whose activities of daily living require frequent squatting. In this paper, th...

In this paper, we propose a system to assess the effect of footwear on the in-shoe plantar pressure and shear during gait. In our previous study, we developed a system for measuring the plantar pressure and shear inside footwear using specialized shoes and insoles with sensors. In this study, based on the previous study, 1) we realized a method to measure directly the in-shoe plantar pressure a...

The three-dimensional load displacement behavior of nine fresh adult L5-S1 spine motion segments was studied. Static test forces up to 160 N in anterior, posterior, and lateral shear, test forces up to 320 N in compression, and test moments up to 15.7 Nm in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion were used. The six displacements of the center of the inferior L5 endplate were measured 1...

The effect of hydrodynamic shear force on the nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules was studied in four batch-type Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors. The reactors were operated under different hydrodynamic shear force (0.021, 0.024, 0.026 and 0.029 N m, respectively) by control the circulation flow rate. The results showed that nitrite and am...

Pressure analysis of the foot while standing and walking has significantly progressed in the past decade. This is especially true for assessing the pattern and absolute dimensions of force and stress on the sole of the foot. Of considerable practical interest to podiatry, or any field that cares for the foot, is the evaluation of forefoot pain. In this chapter, various pressure analysis modalit...

For flexible robots with rotational joints it has been shown previously, by the first author, that direct strain feedback can damp out vibrations very satisfactorily. In this paper, a simple sensor-based output feedback control law, called shear force feedback, is newly proposed to control vibrations arising from structural flexibility of robots of Cartesian or SCARA types. Closed-loop exponent...