In the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in developing project control systems. The primary purpose of such systems is to indicate whether the actual performance is consistent with the baseline and to produce a signal in the case of non-compliance. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in monitoring project’s performance indicators, by plotting them on the S...

The objective of this paper is to determine the efficiency of manufacturing companies in Kenya over the period of 2009 to 2011 as well as suggesting appropriate policies to be employed by the manufacturing companies in Kenya based on the findings of the study. Three critical inputs variables (raw materials, staff expenses and plant and machinery) and two output variables (net sale and earnings ...

Artefact evaluation is regarded as being crucial for Design Science Research (DSR) in order to rigorously proof an artefact’s relevance for practice. The availability of guidelines for structuring DSR processes notwithstanding, the current body of knowledge provides only rudimentary means for a design researcher to select and justify appropriate artefact evaluation strategies in a given situati...

Abstract Policies in the agricultural and rural sectors are of key importance shaping their sustainable development. These policies changing from market-based to that aim influence farmers’ decision-making. Thus, scientific literature supporting evidence-based policy-making must develop models simulate individual decision-making (IDM) by farmers. This study aims understand policy objectives, re...

Searching for new ways to use existing ideas is an important aspect of innovation and can involve a great deal of ex ante uncertainty. The paradox is that the outcomes of this search often seem obvious when viewed in hindsight. I examine the degree to which hindsight bias affects the evaluation of obviousness in the patent examination process. If examiners are relying only on ex ante knowledge ...

The co-existence of conventional and transgenic products in the food chain introduces new elements in the evaluation of the profitability of transgenic crops and, consequently, on the farmer’s adoption decision. In particular, one emerging problem farmers are facing in Europe is related to the legal liability of transgenic-crop cultivation. In Europe, a mixture of ex-ante regulations and ex-pos...

There are three key actors in forming the sustainable spatial distribution of residency in an area, (local) government, the estate investor and the resident, each with its own objective. Most urban planning studies have mainly focused on the ex-post evaluation of residential development by considering the objective of each actor separately. This paper outlines a conceptual model where the three...