Aim: To determine gender wise variation in femoral neck ante-version by anatomic method. Methods: This Descriptive Cross Sectional study was conducted in the Anatomy Departments of three medical institutions at Peshawar, namely, 1) Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. 2) Gandahara Medical College, Peshawar 3) Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar from 13 th August 2010 to 12th February 2011. Dry ...

In any legal system, one finds numerous rules and practices as well as constitutional provisions which are incompatible with utilitarian considerations. These rules and practices often grant benefits to an individual whose wellbeing is at risk; yet the costs of these benefits to other individuals outweigh the benefits. Thus, for instance, despite the persistent belief of economists that efficie...

The acquisition and dispersion of information, a critical aspect of economic decisions, can occur through a network of agents (Jackson, 2009). Empirical and theoretical findings suggest that an efficient information dispersion network takes the form of a star: small numbers of agents gather information and distribute it to a large group. Despite these findings, controlled tests of this theory f...

We introduce a new notion of ex ante stability (or fairness) that would be desirable for a school-choice mechanism to satisfy. Our criterion stipulates that a mechanism must be stable based solely on the probabilities that each student will be assigned to different schools, i.e., the assignment must be viewed as stable even before students know which school they will end up going to. This is in...

There are various methods for the identification of human remains; most of them are based on comparisons between available ante- and post-mortem data. Although fingerprinting is the most accurate and precise method, in many cases, such as in mutilated, decomposed, burned or fragmented bodies, it cannot be used, and the dental methods become of the utmost importance, since teeth and dental resto...

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On 25 June 2008 the US Food and Drug Administration held a public Advisory Committee Meeting of its Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Division on Tolvaptan (NDA 22-275), the first oral vasopressin antagonist to apply for licensing (http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cder08.html# CardiovascularRenal). Based on the comments made, we may now expect that tolvaptan will make it to the pharmacies soon....

We find a necessary and sufficient condition for ex-ante trade when agents are non-expected utility maximizers. The condition is that they share subjective beliefs. Our result holds for a class of convex preferences that contains many functional forms used in applications. In a special case of expected utility, the condition becomes exactly the common prior assumption. It can also be articulate...

Distressed firms are vulnerable to ineffi cient panic-based runs of their workers, suppliers, and customers. A policymaker may try to prevent such a run by pledging to protect the interests of these stakeholders should a firm cease to do business. However, this promise also enables the firm to demand better terms of trade from its stakeholders, which blunts the policy’s effectiveness. We show h...

We propose a theory of international agreements on product standards. The key feature of the model is that agreements are viewed as incomplete contracts. In particular, these do not specify standards for products that may arise in the future. One potential remedy to contractual incompleteness is a dispute settlement procedure (DSP) that provides arbitration in states of the world that are not c...