We study the effect of anisotropic noise on target registration error (TRE) by using a tracked and calibrated stylus tip as the fiducial registration application. We present a simple, efficient unscented Kalman filter algorithm that is suitable for fiducial registration even with a small number of fiducials. We also derive an equation that predicts TRE under anisotropic noise. The predicted TRE...

Objective: In this paper, finite element model of the L4 vertebra subjected to combination of compression and flexion loading in isotropic and anisotropic cases is investigated. Methods: In both cases, the vertebra is considered homogeneous. Also, the body of vertebra is divided to cancellous and cortical sections in anisotropic model, but the process is assumed isotropic such as isotropic mode...

naturally occurred soil deposits inherit heterogeneity and anisotropy in their strength properties. the main purpose of this paper is to model the soil stratum with anisotropy consideration and spatially varying undrained shear strength by using random field theory coupled with finite difference numerical analysis to evaluate their effect on the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations. in t...

objective: in this paper, finite element model of the l4 vertebra subjected to combination of compression and flexion loading in isotropic and anisotropic cases is investigated. methods: in both cases, the vertebra is considered homogeneous. also, the body of vertebra is divided to cancellous and cortical sections in anisotropic model, but the process is assumed isotropic such as isotropic mode...

It is shown that the magnitude of nonlinear nonreciprocity, self-induced by counterpropagating laser beams, is related to the anisotropic properties of the nonlinear third-order susceptibility (resulting in the light-induced birefringence and gyrotropy) and therefore is sensitive to the mutual arrangement of polarization of both of the beams. The invariants of nonlinear wave equations suggest a...

in this paper two nodes to model isotropic and anisotropic media in transmission line matrix method (tlm) are presented. by using these two nodes, the permeability and permittivity of an anisotropic media can be modeled simultaneously. another application of these nodes is in modeling media with permittivity and permeability less than one. in the conventional 2 dimensional tlm, the stubs repres...

We present what is to our knowledge the first experimental observation of the specular nonlinear anisotropic polarization effect of a pump-induced polarization-plane rotation for normal-incidence reflection from the (001) surface of a cubic crystal. In GaAs, azimuth rotation of the order of 9 3 10–6 rad is seen for a pump intensity of 75 MWycm–2 at 750 nm, from which the anisotropic component o...

The problem of anisotropic reflectance in mountainous terrain is well known. It was required to determine the efficacy of anisotropic reflectance correction (ARC) of imagery acquired over the western Himalaya. The Minnaert correction procedure was evaluated using a single Minnaert constant (k), locally computed ks and land cover-computed ks. Findings illustrate the need for computing ks, such t...

We consider the following anisotropic boundary value problem ∇(a(x)∇u) + a(x)u = 0, u > 0 in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω ⊂ R2 is a bounded smooth domain, p is a large exponent and a(x) is a positive smooth function. We investigate the effect of anisotropic coefficient a(x) on the existence of concentrating solutions. We show that at a given strict local maximum point of a(x), there exist arbitraril...

An anisotropic plasticity model is developed based on the non-associated flow rule with hardening. The combines non-quadratic yield function and quadratic plastic potential for orthogonal sheet metals. also expanded to properly reproduce cyclic effect during forming processes. simple formulations can contribute cost saving in parameter acquisition process implementation. was implemented into fi...