Grammatical change is an extremely interesting area but does presuppose some knowledge of grammar. For this reason, if you do not have this knowledge yet, this chapter will work best if you have first familiarised yourself with the terminology discussed in the chapters on grammar, i.e. especially chapters and 5–8. Chapters on grammatical change in traditional textbooks on the history of English...

The most recent consensus of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine is that parasomnias are “undesirable physical events or experiences that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep or during arousals from sleep” (1). Parasomnias are often considered to be normal sleep phenomena, especially in children, and do not in general have a serious impact on sleep quality or quantity. However, in som...

Introduction: Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is characterized by repeated number of arousals at night, and excessive daytime sleepiness or somnolence (EDS). It is often missed in classical polysomnographic diagnostic approaches and misdiagnosed as simple snoring or idiopathic hypersomnia, thereby is often left untreated. We propose that positive airway pressure (PAP), which has shown t...

1. INTRODUCTION. Among the theorems of plane geometry, a privileged position is held by those that are true in neutral geometry, that is, without either assuming or denying the parallel postulate. Such, for example, are the first twenty-eight propositions of Euclid's Elements, including the triangle congruences SAS (I.4), 1 SSS (I.8), ASA (I.26), and the base angles of an isosceles triangle are...

Dr. Adam B. Cohen (Neurology): A 59-year-old man was admitted to the neurology service of this hospital because of chronic daily headache, fever, and myalgia. Approximately 6 months earlier, the patient had begun having headache, accompanied by muscle spasms, generalized myalgia, weakness, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and anxiety. The headache was constant, affected both temporal and frontal r...

The subject of Computational Convexity draws its methods from discrete mathematics and convex geometry, and many of its problems from operations research, computer science, data analysis, physics, material science, and other applied areas. In essence, it is the study of the computational and algorithmic aspects of high-dimensional convex sets (especially polytopes), with a view to applying the ...