Hypospadias is a common urological abnormality and may occur in simple (glandular or penile) or severe forms (perineal). Perineal hypospadias often occurs in association with other genital abnormalities, such as bilateral cryptorchidism and micropenis, and may be the result of partial androgen insensitivity. We have investigated the androgen binding status and androgen receptor gene of boys fro...

Although jitter, shimmer, and noise acoustically characterize all voice signals, their perceptual importance in naturally produced pathological voices has not been established psychoacoustically. To determine the role of these attributes in the perception of vocal quality, listeners were asked to adjust levels of jitter, shimmer, and the noise-to-signal ratio in a speech synthesizer, so that sy...

This paper documents field investigations of "air bag" crashes selected from a large group of air bag crashes in file at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI). A full range of crashes are presented with injury levels of AIS 1-2 to AIS 5-6. Most occupants sustained minor injuries. Those not wearing the lap-shoulder belt (3-point belt) had more minor injuries than t...