The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo-Saxon Countries over the Twentieth Century Taxation data have been used to create long-run series for the distribution of top incomes in quite a number of countries. Most of these studies have focused on the national experience of individual countries, but we can also learn from cross-country comparisons. Comparative analysis is therefore the next s...

We discuss the evolution of cosmological gamma-ray burst remnants, consisting of the cooling and expanding fireball ejecta together with any swept-up external matter, after the gamma-ray event. We show that significant optical emission is predicted which should be measurable for timescales of hours after the event, and in some cases radio emission may be expected days to weeks after the event. ...

Three experiments investigated the phenomenon of war contagion in the context of international relations, hypothesizing that past inter-(but not intra-) state war will facilitate future, unrelated interstate war. Americans showed stronger support for violent responses to new, unrelated interstate tensions after being reminded of an historical war between the U.S. and another state, as compared ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after a terrifying event involving physical injury or the threat of physical harm in war. Eight years of war after Iraq attacked Iran (between 1980-1988) caused thousands of PTSD among Iranian soldiers as well as civilians. Many of those people are suffering several decades from this form of anxiety most now a complicated form of complex PTSD. Y...

sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the world war i and more recently during gulf war in the early 1980s'. sm is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. since sm has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the iraqi regime against the iranian soldiers as well as ...