Abstract Like many competition agencies and governments around the world, Australian Competition Consumer Commission has formed view that ex ante regulation is a necessary complement to address (and consumer) harms posed by digital platforms. Our existing laws are not sufficient anti-competitive conduct corresponding we have observed in relation platforms markets which they operate. This paper ...

the rise of political islam and islamism in muslim countries cause a pervasive & contestable controversy among western scholars. today islam has been identified with activism, radicalism, fundamentalism, and etc. yet, there are many questions being propounded; such as, what is political islam? why islamic movements acted against interest of the west? why islamism constructed against the west? t...

the distinction between primitive predication and common predication is applied to solve some problems in islamic philosophy, some of which are incorrect in our point of view. some of the problems contain paradoxes and some others include independent philosophical discussions: 1. stating about absolute non-existents, 2. problems of subjective existence, 3. liar paradox and russell’s paradox, 4....