One way that languages are able to communicate a potentially infinite set of ideas through a finite lexicon is by compressing emerging meanings into words, such that over time, individual words come to express multiple, related senses of meaning. We propose that overarching communicative and cognitive pressures have created systematic directionality in how new metaphorical senses have developed...

Metaphorical effects are commonly assumed to be unidirectional, running from concrete to abstract domains but not vice versa. Noting that metaphorical effects are often found to be bidirectional, we explore how they may be mediated and moderated according to the principles of knowledge accessibility and applicability. Using the example of “something smells fishy” (a metaphorical expression of s...

The prevalence of implicit intergroup bias in adults underscores the importance of knowing when during development such biases are most amenable to change. Although research suggests that implicit intergroup bias undergoes little change across development, no studies have directly examined whether developmental differences exist in the capacity for novel implicit associations to form or change....

In this article an explicit method (relying on representation theory) to construct packings in Grassmannian space is presented. Infinite families of configurations having only one non-trivial set of principal angles are found using 2-transitive groups. These packings are proved to reach the simplex bound and are therefore optimal w.r.t. the chordal distance. The construction is illustrated by a...

We use the auxiliary principle technique to suggest and analyze an implicit method for solving the equilibrium problems on Hadamard manifolds. The convergence of this new implicit method requires only the speudomonotonicity, which is a weaker condition than monotonicity. Some special cases are also considered.

The objective of this paper is to present a new dimension of Game Theoretic Semantics (GTS) using the idea of the coordination problem game to explain the semantics of metaphor. A metaphorical expression1 such as ‘man is a wolf’ is a contradictory statement that insists all objects in the set of ‘man’ also falls under ‘wolf’. The study of metaphorical expression should be on intentions of such ...

Metaphors in idioms are universal in languages. The progression from conceptual meaning to metaphorical meaning is a cognitive activity of mapping from one thing to another. This paper, based on the analysis of 2,347 metaphorical idioms, their linguistic features, grammatical structures, grammatical functions, and semantic categories, tries to identify categories of metaphorical idioms. Most of...

We present an explicit method to produce upper bounds for the dimension of the moduli spaces of complete integral Gorenstein curves with prescribed symmetric Weierstrass semigroups.