The utilization of two crude oil samples of different quality at 4 and 30 C has been studied by using pure and mixed bacterial cultures obtained by enrichment procedures. Growth, emulsification, and utilization occurred readily at both temperatures. The crude oil residue is increased in specific gravity and readily sediments out of solution. A comparison of the chemical analysis of the oils by ...

in this study the lc50 96h values of water-soluble fractions (wsf) of the caspian sea ? exploited crude oil were determined in beluga, huso huso fingerlings. the fingerlings averaged 2.42 ? 0.11 g in weight were exposed to wsf crude oil at concentrations 24.75, 27, 29.25, 31.5, 33.75, 36, 38.25 ppm. the treatments were performed in three replicates and all changes in the specimens were determin...

This study examines the random walk hypothesis for the crude oil markets, using daily data over the period 1982–2008. The weak-form efficient market hypothesis for two oil crude markets (UK Brent and US West Texas Intermediate) is tested with non-parametric variance ratio tests developed by Wright (2000) and Belaire-Franch and Contreras (2004) as well as the wild-bootstrap variance ratio tests ...

Alkylhydroperoxides in oxidized oil are undesirable components because they become alkylperoxyl radicals (ROO ) in the presence of heme, hemoglobin, or myoglobin in red meat. ROO are biochemically reactive and damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby harming living cells. We isolated a component, a highly potent ROO scavenger, from crude canola oil (rapeseed), which we designated canolol, and...

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the volatility in global fertilizer prices. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test and alternative volatility models, including the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, and GJR model are estimated for six global fertilizer prices and the crude oil price. Weekly data f...

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, ARDL model, and alternative volatility models, including GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR models, are used to investigate the relationship between crude oil price and six global fertilizer prices. The empirical result...

The crude oil market is significantly larger than that for any other commodity, both in terms of physical production and financial market activity (Table 1). The value of crude oil production is more than twice that of coal and natural gas, 10 times that of iron ore and almost 20 times that of copper. Crude oil is the most widely used source of fuel, supplying around one-third of the world’s en...

The bioavailability of organic contaminants to the degrading bacteria is a major limitation to efficient bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants. Such limitation of bioavailability can be overcome by steady-state biofilm-based reactor. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of such multicellular aggregation by naturally existing oil-degrading bacteria on crude ...

Crude oil pipeline laid with products pipeline in the same ditch is a new technology to save investment and protect environment. In order to provide reference to construction and operation optimization, the majority of this paper investigates the thermal influential factors affecting the crude oil temperature in double pipelines system using the computational fluid dynamics methodology. A two-d...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C23 E44 Q43 Keywords: Crude oil shocks Stock market prices Panel data Asymmetric adjustment Granger causality This paper proposes a panel threshold cointegration approach to investigate the relationship between crude oil shocks and stock markets for the OECD and non-OECD panel from January 1995 to December 2009. Nonlinear cointegration is confirmed for ...