In economic practice, we often deal with events that are defined only vaguely. Such indeterminate events can be modelled by fuzzy sets. In the paper, we examine two main ways of expressing a probability of fuzzy events that are proposed in the literature. We study their mathematical properties and discuss their interpretation. We conclude that none of the approaches gives an appropriate probabi...

background: understanding the nature and causes of medical adverse events may help their prevention. this system­atic re­view explores the types, risk factors, and likely causes of preventable adverse events in the hospital sector. methods: medline (1970-2008), embase, cinahl (1970-2005) and the reference lists were used to identify the stud­ies and a structured narrative method used to synthes...

Patient safety practices, targeting organisational changes for improving patient safety, are implemented worldwide but their costs are rarely evaluated. This paper provides a review of the methods used in economic evaluation of such practices. International medical and economics databases were searched for peer-reviewed publications on economic evaluations of patient safety between 2000 and 201...

INTRODUCTION Clinical nonfunctional pituitary microadenomas, also known as incidentalomas are accidental observations made due to the application of high resolution imaging techniques as computed tomography or magnetic resonance. There are no standards regarding the follow-up of these tumors and taking into account their increased frequency among general population (during the last years they w...