freedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. the word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, justice and human's existential growth and defines its own limits and is manifested in literature of different nations in vari...

georg büchner’s lenz portrays part of the life of a great writer during the rein of jacob michael reinhold lenz (1751-1792) when germany was in turmoil and disruption. being lonely and depressed, büchner decided to leave home and his country. after being exiled from weimar and losing touch with goethe, he found refuge in rev. oberlin and asked him to save his life. büchner wrote at a time when ...

The rapid development of biomedical technologies, which have invaded the life of modern man from birth to death, and the impossibility of responding to the ensuing ethical challenges within the traditional medical ethics have caused serious concern in society. The attempts of human beings to put themselves in the place of God by changing and improving His creation at their will may bring to hum...

s?dra’s system of philosophy is consist of deep reflection on the secrets of existence; mental ascesis and juridical j?h?d that in which the effort of the seeker and true-hearted sage who could reach to the level of v?lay?t, for completion of his mental and spiritual journey, continuously enjoys from god’s grace and confirmation. m?lla s?dra believes in endowment wisdom and in some parts of his...

the foundation and corner stone ef mulla sadra's attitude toiuards man depends on his whole philosophical system of transcendent philosopfd, tuhich is plunged deep!j into his metapysical vieiv efman as a microcosm in whom creation returns to its source and multiplidty to its uniry; the prindples of his stttcfy provide, therefore, the last link in the rycle of his cosmology and a kry for th...