The current pricing mechanism for carbon in the EU, the EU emissions trading system, only covers 40 percent of emissions. Carbon taxation currently plays no role. The Commission has recently proposed to revise the energy tax system in the EU to include a carbon tax component. This paper evaluates the Commission proposal and considers the possible expansion of the EU carbon pricing base either b...

Abstract Ideal carbon tax policy is internationally coordinated, fully internalizes externalities, redistributes revenues to those harmed, and politically acceptable, generating predictable market signals. Since nonideal circumstances rarely allow all these conditions be met, moral issues arise. This paper surveys some of the work in philosophy responding several issues. First, it discusses dri...

OBJECTIVE To examine health and economic implications of modifying taxation of alcohol in Australia. DESIGN AND SETTING Economic and epidemiological modelling of four scenarios for changing the current taxation of alcohol products, including: replacing the wine equalisation tax (WET) with a volumetric tax; applying an equal tax rate to all beverages equivalent to a 10% increase in the current...

Increasing electric vehicles usage, as a promising solution for environmental issues, might have unexpected implications, since it entails some changes in different sectors and scales in energy system. In this respect, this research aims at investigating the long-term impacts of electric vehicles deployment on Iran's energy system. Accordingly, Iran's energy system was analyzed by LEAP model in...

Carbon footprinting is a tool for firms to determine the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their supply chain or with a unit of final product or service. Carbon footprinting typically aims to identify where best to invest in emission reduction efforts, and/or to determine the proportion of total emissions that an individual firm is accountable for, whether financially and/or ...

In order to solve the optimization problem of logistics distribution system for fresh food, this paper provides a low-carbon and environmental protection point of view, based on the characteristics of perishable products, and combines with the overall optimization idea of cold chain logistics distribution network, where the green and low-carbon location-routing problem (LRP) model in cold chain...

Supermarket chains handle frequent deliveries of fresh food to the stores, which have led to the nonignorable high transportation cost. Then a question arises that is it possible to reduce cost by establishing more refrigerated distribution centers (DC)? To answer this question, on basis of data from a large supermarket chain in China, we analyze the decision making process to construct new sub...