نتایج جستجو برای: ancient dna
تعداد نتایج: 542037 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We review studies of genomic data obtained by sequencing hominin fossils with particular emphasis on the unique information that ancient DNA (aDNA) can provide about the demographic history of humans and our closest relatives. We concentrate on nuclear genomic sequences that have been published in the past few years. In many cases, particularly in the Arctic, the Americas, and Europe, aDNA has ...
136 biotech and life sciences worldwide as part of a larger project to map human technological development (Fig 1). “Maps can help answer or at least address a number of key questions,” said Hoffman. “Where around the world is biotech really happening or beginning to happen? How important is economic geography now that the life sciences are spilling out of university, governmental and industria...
Contamination by present-day human and microbial DNA is one of the major hindrances for large-scale genomic studies using ancient biological material. We describe a new molecular method, U selection, which exploits one of the most distinctive features of ancient DNA--the presence of deoxyuracils--for selective enrichment of endogenous DNA against a complex background of contamination during DNA...
Ancient DNA analyses rely on the extraction of the tiny amounts of DNA remaining in samples that are hundreds to tens of thousands of years old. Despite the critical role extraction efficiency plays in this field of research, no study has comprehensively compared ancient DNA extraction techniques to date. There are a wide range of methods currently in use, which rely on such disparate principle...
Paleoparasitological studies using microscopy showed that Ascarisand Trichuris trichiura are the human intestinal parasites most found in archaeological sites. However, in pre-Columbian South American archaeological sites, Ascaris is rare. In this work we standardized a molecular methodology for Ascaris diagnosis directly from ancient DNA retrieved from coprolites. Using cythochrome b gene (142...
BACKGROUND Paleomicrobiology is a special branch of micropaleontology concerned with the study of bacterial fossils. We have used the term 'oral paleomicrobiology', as in this review we have focused on the ancient oral microflora. Recently, dental calculus and dental pulp have been identified as rich sources of ancient microbial DNA. Study of this ancient genetic material opens a new door to th...
The DNA content of hair [1,2] is typically low compared to other tissues, as hair cells undergo dehydration and catabolic breakdown of nucleic acids and organelles during keratinisation [3]. As a consequence, ancient hair specimens have not been widely used as a source of ancient DNA. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extracted from degraded and old hair samples, including burnt speci...
DNA obtained from environmental samples such as sediments, ice or water (environmental DNA, eDNA), represents an important source of information on past and present biodiversity. It has revealed an ancient forest in Greenland, extended by several thousand years the survival dates for mainland woolly mammoth in Alaska, and pushed back the dates for spruce survival in Scandinavian ice-free refugi...
Scientists’ understanding of extinct crea tures has long relied almost entirely on fossils of their bones and teeth. But recent advances in ancient DNA research are revolutionizing studies of ancient beasts. Researchers can now re-create the genes of these animals and study the proteins they encoded. That scientists might one day be able to study such paleophysiology was unthinkable just a deca...
Ancient DNA analyses have provided enhanced resolution of population histories in many Pleistocene taxa. However, most studies are spatially restricted, making inference of species-level biogeographic histories difficult. Here, we analyse mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the woolly mammoth from across its Holarctic range to reconstruct its history over the last 200 thousand years (kyr). W...
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