This paper exposes the experimental evaluation of a new technique for the estimation of the instantaneous helical axis of movement of human anatomical joints. The measurement technique, using a six degrees of freedom spatial electro-goniometer, is tested onto a simple revolute joint and onto a subject’s knee. A motion capture system with active optical markers is used at the same time in order ...

Background Throughout the literature, cardiac MRI (CMR) has become an important diagnostic tool in evaluating congenital cardiac abnormalities. In heterotaxy syndrome, the axis of the body during fetal development fails to rotate correctly resulting in complex cardiovascular abnormalities. We hypothesize that CMR aids in the detection of anatomical and physiological anomalies presented in patie...

A graph-theoretic variational segmentation algorithm is applied to 22-frame dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) data sets after dimension reduction along the time axis using principal component analysis. Initial results indicate that the PCA is a very useful initial preprocessing step for segmentation and is effective in minimising the artifacts present in the PET data sets, allowing acc...

Horseshoe kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidney, caused by the fusion of the lower poles in both kidneys before their rotation around their axis, between weeks 4 and 6 of pregnancy, so that they are joined by an isthmus, which can be fibrous or parenchymatous (1). These anomalous kidneys keep a normal function, although they present some anatomical alterations with regard to their vascu...

THE normal columella consists of the medial crura of the alar cartilages surrounded by skin. Its logical anatomical reconstruction should therefore also have a central cartilaginous axis. This may be accomplished in cases of short columella following bilateral hare lips by rotating downwards part of the nasal septum. The method not only lengthens the columella but also elevates the flat nasal t...

A direct lateral approach to the hip is described which allows adequate access for orientation of the implant, for the insertion ofthe cement and for the correction ofdiscrepancy in leg length. An anatomical observation was made that the gluteus medius muscle is inserted into the greater trochanter by a tendon and that the axis of the shaft of the femur lies anterior to the main bulk of the mus...

Grid cells in layer II of rat entorhinal cortex fire to spatial locations in a repeating hexagonal grid, with smaller spacing between grid fields for neurons in more dorsal anatomical locations. Data from in vitro whole-cell patch recordings showed differences in frequency of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in entorhinal neurons that correspond to different positions along the dors...

Patellofemoral joint replacement is a successful treatment option for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The short and mid-term outcomes are related to malposition and unexplained pain. Whether external rotation of the femoral component in isolated patellofemoral joint replacement is required is unclear. The primary aim of this study is to determine the CT-measured femoral component rotati...

Primary empty sella (PES) is a particular anatomical condition characterized by the herniation of liquor within the sella turcica. The pathogenesis of this alteration, frequently observed in general population, is not yet completely understood. Recently reports demonstrated, in these patients, that hormonal pituitary dysfunctions, specially growth hormone (GH)/insulin- like growth factor (IGF-I...