mandibular premolars have earned a reputation for having aberrant anatomy. the occurrence of three canals with three separate foramina in mandibular premolars is very rare. if predictable treatment of a three rooted mandibular premolar is planned, precise knowledge of clinical and radiographic anatomy is absolutely necessary. these teeth may also require special shaping and obturating technique...

a 16 year old female was referred to an oral and maxillofacial radiologist for evaluation of a radiolucent area at mesial radicular aspect of right maxillary central incisor which was detected accidentally during pre-orthodontic treatment check ups. clinical examination showed no particular signs or symptoms except for slightly tenderness to lateral percussion. second radiograph with altered ho...

anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction surgery has significantly evolved in recent years. this has led to development of new technologies that facilitate the diagnosis of acl injury and the application of state of the art methods for treatment. in particular, individualized anatomical acl reconstruction aims to restore native acl function. treatment is tailored to each patient based on...

OBJECTIVE To examine brain-behavior relationships in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the authors obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. METHOD National recruitment was followed by in-person assessment. MRI scans were measured algorithmically for nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. RESULTS The affected twins...

A 28-year old man presented with left flank pain and dysuria. Plain abdominal film and computed tomography showed a left giant ureteral stone measuring 11.5 cm causing ureteral obstruction and other stones 2.5 cm in size in the lower pole of ipsilateral kidney and 7 mm in size in distal part of right ureter. A left ureterolithotomy was performed and then a double J stent was inserted into the u...

The term “hypothalamic adhesion” was first described in 2008 as a common associated finding (48%) in Chiari II malformation by the neuroradiology group at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. It has been subsequently presented outside the context of Chiari II in a number of radiologic meetings by us and other groups since 2010 and has been variously referred to as hypothalamic adhesions, ...

Pelvic floor failure is a common disorder that can seriously jeopardize a woman's quality of life by causing urinary and fecal incontinence, difficult defecation, and pelvic pain. Multiple congenital and acquired risk factors are associated with pelvic floor failure, including altered collagen metabolism, female sex, vaginal delivery, menopause, and advanced age. A complex variety of fascial an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No validated imaging landmark exists for characterizing the medial-lateral position of abnormalities at the high convexity-parasagittal region. Our understanding of the courses and deflections of the upper cerebral sulci is limited. Our purpose, therefore, was to define a frontooccipital line with reproducible anatomic relations to the upper cerebral gyri and sulci and to...

Structural and functional changes in the microcirculation in type 1 diabetes mellitus predict future end-organ damage and macrovascular events. We explored the utility of novel signal processing techniques to detect and track changes in ocular hemodynamics in patients with this disease. Twenty-four patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus and eighteen age- and sex-matched control su...

OBJECTIVE The introduction of high-resolution ultrasonography combined with color-coded Doppler imaging offered a breakthrough in the evaluation of the human fetal venous system, considerably enhancing our understanding of fetal venous circulation in normal physiologic conditions, as well as providing us the ability to study circulatory changes in abnormal circumstances. The purpose of this stu...