As part of investigations into cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, an asymmetric synthesis of the antimitotic natural product, ustiloxin D, has been completed. A salen-Al-catalyzed aldol reaction was employed to construct a chiral oxazoline 9 (99% yield, 98% ee) that served the dual purpose of installing the necessary 1,2-amino alcohol functionality as well as providing an efficient synthon for t...

Abstract One of the main moral costs stare decisis lies in continuous possibility entrenching morally deficient decisions law. Although legal systems usually make provision for dealing with precedents, there are cases which obligation later courts to follow one these precedents is undefeated. This affects overall justification . traditional answer this problem consists accepting cost, on belief...

Fuzzy linear regression (FLR) model can be thought of as a fuzzy variation of classical linear regression model. It has been widely studied and applied in diverse fields. When noise exists in data, it is a very meaningful topic to reveal the dependency between the parameter h (i.e. the threshold value used to measure degree of fit) in FLR model and the input noise. In this paper, the FLR model ...

Lower courts supposedly follow Supreme Court precedent—but they often don’t. Instead of adhering to the most persuasive interpretations of the Court’s opinions, lower courts often adopt narrower readings. For example, recent courts of appeals’ decisions have narrowly interpreted the Court’s rulings on police searches, gun control, and campaign finance. This practice—which I call “narrowing from...

The advances observed in the last years in telecommunication technologies rapidly brought along new ways of doing business. This new reality, however, has not been so rapidly followed by the entities responsible for dealing with the conflicts that arise from these interactions, now undertaken in an electronic format. Traditional paper-based courts, designed for the industrial era, are now outda...

We construct the complete network of 30,288 majority opinions written by the U.S. Supreme Court and the cases they cite from 1754 to 2002 in he United States Reports. Data from this network demonstrates quantitatively the evolution of the norm of stare decisis in the 19th Century and significant deviation from this norm by the activist Warren Court. We further describe a method for creating aut...

Generalized Precedent Logics for Resolving Insecurity Dilemmas This paper proposes the development and application of a series of gradually more powerful "reflective" logical procedures to increasingly complex and realistic sets of data on collective insecurity dilemmas. Such procedures place behavioral time series data within narratively structured practical contexts. Such accounts seek ground...

Veech groups uniformize Teichmüller geodesics in Riemann moduli space. We gave examples of infinitely generated Veech groups; see Duke Math. J. 123 (2004), 49–69. Here we show that the associated Teichmüller geodesics can even have both infinitely many cusps and infinitely many infinite ends.