Abstract. The drawbacks of low-coverage rate in global land inevitably exist satellite-based daily soil moisture products because the satellite orbit covering scopes and limitations retrieving models. To solve this issue, Zhang et al. (2021a) generated seamless (SGD-SM 1.0) for years 2013–2019. Nevertheless, there are still several shortages SGD-SM 1.0 products, especially temporal range, sudde...

In 2021, a novel NOAA-Saildrone project deployed five uncrewed surface vehicle Saildrones (SDs) to monitor regions of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea frequented by tropical cyclones. One SDs, SD-1045, crossed Hurricane Sam (Category 4) on September 30, providing first-ever surface-ocean videos conditions in core major hurricane reporting near-surface winds as high 40 m/s. Here, we present ...

Snow cover plays a highly critical role in the global water cycle and energy exchange. Accurate snow depth (SD) data are important for research on hydrologic processes, climate change, natural disaster prediction. However, existing passive microwave (PMW) SD products have high uncertainty Northeast China owing to their coarse spatial resolution. Surface environment parameters should also be con...

We have developed algorithms and procedures for calculating daily sea ice thickness (SIT) and open water–sea ice (OWSI) charts, based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), ice surface temperature (IST) (night-time only), and reflectance (R) swath data, respectively. The resolution of the SIT chart is 1 km and that of the OWSI chart is 250 m. The charts are targeted to be...

Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) soil moisture (SM) product is characterized by high temporal resolution, but the relative strengths and weaknesses of this new are unknown. In study, we analyze performance CYGNSS SM across varied land covers climates, using triple collocation (TC) analysis in-situ validation. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Advanced Microwave Scannin...