Starting in February 2006, the ranges measured by the Envisat RA-2 altimeter have been biased significantly for long periods of time. The range bias is characterised by a relatively constant offset of about 5.6 meters, and an additional 1-cpr non-harmonic variation around the orbit with an amplitude of about 10-20 cm. The bias is caused by an anomalous operation of the Ultra Stable Oscillator (...

Monomineralic, abiotic marine cements formed in low-latitude Phanerozoic reefs provide the direction and amplitude of secular variation of õ•3C and õ•80 in marine calcite and defines two end member compositions580 to 360 my (-7 to-5 %0 õ•8Om)B) and 360 to present (-3 to 0 %0 õ•8Om)B). Sampling of the Devono-Carboniferous tran ition (375-320 my) at several global sites reveals a rapid change in ...

The mechanisms underlying neoplastic epithelial cell killing by ionizing radiation are largely unknown. We discovered a novel response to radiation manifested by autophagy and the development of acidic vesicular organelles (AVO). Acidification of AVO was mediated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Staining with the lysosomotropic agent acridine orange enabled us to quantify AVO accumulation and to demo...

We analyze the amplitude variation as a function of reflection angle (AVA) for angle-domain common image gathers (ADCIG) produced via wave-equation migration. Straightforward implementations of the two main ADCIG methods lead to contradictory, thus inaccurate, amplitude responses. The amplitude inaccuracy is related to the fact that downward-continuation migration is the adjoint of upward-conti...

Offset continuation (OC) is the operator that transforms common-offset seismic reflection data from one offset to another. Earlier papers by the first author presented a partial differential equation in midpoint and offset to achieve this transformation. The equation was derived from the kinematics of the continuation process. This derivation is equivalent to proposing the wave equation from kn...

1. A family of structurally related but genetically distinct natriuretic peptides exist which include atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) of myocardial cell origin and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) of endothelial and renal epithelial cell origin. All three exert actions via cGMP, with ANP and BNP functioning via the natriuretic peptide A receptor and CNP via ...