In frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy the direct observable is the frequency shift of an oscillating cantilever in a force field. This frequency shift is not a direct measure of the actual force, and thus, to obtain the force, deconvolution methods are necessary. Two prominent methods proposed by Sader and Jarvis (Sader-Jarvis method) and Giessibl (matrix method) are investigated with...

We demonstrate a novel Rayleigh interferometric noise mitigation scheme for applications in carrier-distributed dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) passive optical networks at 10 Gbit/s using carrier suppressed subcarrier-amplitude modulated phase shift keying modulation. The required optical signal to Rayleigh noise ratio is reduced by 12 dB, while achieving excellent tolerance to dis...

A novel method for amplitude of radiofrequency field (B1+) mapping based on the Bloch-Siegert shift is presented. Unlike conventionally applied double-angle or other signal magnitude-based methods, it encodes the B(1) information into signal phase, resulting in important advantages in terms of acquisition speed, accuracy, and robustness. The Bloch-Siegert frequency shift is caused by irradiatin...

Based on the forward scattering amplitude function for sand particle under the Rayleigh approximation, the calculation models of microwave attenuation and phase shift due to sand and dust particles is given in terms of lognormal size distribution. The model shows that attenuation and phase shift are found to be dependent on visibility, frequency and complex dielectric constant. Obtained results...

We propose a concatenated code structure combined with high-order modulations suitable for implementation with iterative decoders operating at gigabit-persecond (Gbps) data rates. The examples considered in this article are serial/parallel concatenations of Hamming and accumulator codes. Performance results are given for binary phase-shift keyed (BPSK) modulation, quadrature phase-shift keyed (...

This paper considers differential phase-shift transmission over a band-limited channel with specified phase and amplitude characteristics. The problem treated is the prediction of feasible data rates and corresponding error rates over such channels. An expression is given for the probability of error. This expression takes into account intersymbol and interchannel interference when differential...

This paper considers differential phase-shift transmission over a band-limited channel with specified phase and amplitude characteristics. The problem treated is the prediction of feasible data rates and corresponding error rates over such channels. An expression is given for the probability of error. This expression takes into account intersymbol and interchannel interference when differential...

A wavefront sensor is used as a direct observation tool to image the Gouy phase shift in photonic nanojets created by micrometer-sized dielectric spheres. The amplitude and phase distributions of light are found in good agreement with a rigorous electromagnetic computation. Interestingly the observed phase shift when travelling through the photonic jet is a combination of the awaited π Gouy shi...

We present and experimentally demonstrate a new method to generate optical carrier suppressed-differential phase-shift keying (OCSDPSK) modulation format in radio over fiber (RoF) systems. In our scheme, a single dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) is used to produce OCS-DPSK signal based on amplitude shift keying (ASK) to DPSK format conversion by suppressing the spectral tones of an ...

the prediction of the joint angle position, especially during tremor bursts, can be useful for detecting, tracking, and forecasting tremors. thus, this research proposes a new model for predicting the wrist joint position during rhythmic bursts and inter‑burst intervals. since a tremor is an approximately rhythmic and roughly sinusoidal movement, neural oscillators have been selected to underli...