S U M M A R Y In 2005 August, an unusual series of 47 earthquakes occurred over a 12-hr period in central Switzerland. The earthquakes occurred at the end of 3-d period of intensive rainfall, with over 300 mm of precipitation. The highest seismicity occurred as two distinct clusters in the region of Muotatal and Riemenstalden, Switzerland, a well-known Karst area that received a particularly la...

introduction selection of the clear and transparent index for the precipitation using long-term homogeneous data is an important point for the researchers. several investigations have led to different indices for heavy rainfall. in some cases the specific amount of precipitation was used for heavy rainfall (rahimzadeh, 2005; masoodian, 2008; kamiguchi et al., 2006), e.g. alijani (2002) has sugg...

The Typhoon Nakri passed the Jeju Island in Korea (1–3 August 2014) and recorded one-day rainfall of 1182 mm at Witse-Oreum (a place name where a small volcanic cone is) of the Hallasan Mountain, Korea. This one-day rainfall amount was the highest rainfall that was ever recorded in Korea. As the altitude of Witse-Oreum is 1673 m, it was believed that the orographic effect enhanced the rainfall ...

Saffron is grown in arid and semi-arid regions in Iran in late autumn, winter and late spring with rainy season. It should be irrigated by supplemental basin irrigation. Since rainfall is usually delayed in autumn, therefore, a pre-flowering irrigation of about 100 mm is needed. In areas with a seasonal rainfall of 600 mm a post- flowering irrigation of about 50 mm is adequate for economical yi...