H yponatremia represents a serious health hazard. 1 Hospitalized patients, nursing home residents, women, and children exhibit high frequency and/or severity of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia developing during the course of other morbid conditions increases their severity. Estimates of direct costs for treating hyponatremia in the United States ranged between $1.61 and $3.6 billion. Clinical manife...

1. The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on osmotically stimulated thirst appreciation and consequent fluid intake was investigated in healthy man. 2. Six seated male subjects were studied on two occasions: synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (99-126) (2 pmol min-1 kg-1) or placebo (saline, 150 mmol/l NaCl) was infused intravenously for 105 min; 30 min after the start of atrial ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on solid gastric emptying and the subsequent release of pancreatic and intestinal hormones. In eight men [age 33.6 ± 2.5 yr, body mass index 24.1 ± 0.9 (means ± SE)], scintigraphic solid gastric emptying during infusion of GLP-1 (0.75 pmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) or saline was studied for 180 min. Concomitantly, pl...

OBJECTIVE Operations performed with local anesthesia can sometimes be extremely painful and uncomfortable for patients. Our aim was to investigate the optimal analgesic method in saline infusion sonograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed in our Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology between March and August 2011. Ninety-six patients were included. Patients were randomly divided in...

Objective: To compare the frequency of tourniquet induced hypertension in patients undergoing limb surgeries under general anesthesia with intravenous infusion ketamine and placebo (saline infusion).
 Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
 Place Duration Study: Anaesthesia Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Nov 2018.
 Methodology: Tota...

Perioperative amino acid infusion helps maintain core temperature and improves patient outcomes after gynecologic and orthopedic surgery. In the present study we prospectively determined the effect of amino acid infusion on esophageal core temperature and postoperative outcomes during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). One-hundred-eighty consecutive patients undergoing primary ele...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The rationale for in utero repair of myelomeningocele has been supported experimentally by the observation of preserved neural function after prenatal closure of surgically created defects compared with nonrepaired controls. The mechanism of injury to the exposed neural elements is unknown. Postulated mechanisms include trauma to the herniated neural elements or progressive i...

Solithromycin (CEM-101) is a new antibiotic that is highly potent against Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma spp. and active against many other antibiotic-resistant organisms. We have explored the maternal-amniotic-fetal pharmacokinetics of CEM-101 in a pregnant sheep model to assess its potential for treating intrauterine and antenatal infection. Chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (n = 6 or 7) rece...

Bactericidal activity of ceftazidime is determined by the time that concentrations in tissue and serum are above the MIC for the pathogens during the dosing interval. Thus, the most effective mode of administration of ceftazidime is continuous infusion. However, this agent is light sensitive which may result in instability when administered by this method without protection from light. Until no...