BACKGROUND Local plant-soil associations are commonly studied at the species-level, while associations at the level of nodes within a phylogeny have been less well explored. Understanding associations within a phylogenetic context, however, can improve our ability to make predictions across systems and can advance our understanding of the role of evolutionary history in structuring communities....

In the present study, the presence of brass mesh on the bond strength of aluminum (AA1050) strips in the cold roll bonding process was investigated. The influence of various process parameters including reduction in thickness, pre-rolling annealing, initial thickness of the strips, and post-rolling annealing was also considered. After cold roll bonding process, peeling test was carried out and ...

Aluminum (Al) inhibits inward K(+) channels (K(in)) in both root hair and guard cells, which accounts for at least part of the Al toxicity in plants. To understand the mechanism of Al-induced K(in) inhibition, we performed patch clamp analyses on K(in) in guard cells and on KAT1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results show that Al inhibits plant K(in) by blocking the channels at the ...

Emerging evidence indicates that some reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are central regulators of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the cellular levels of ROS are thought to be tightly regulated by an efficient and elaborate pro- and antioxidant system that modulates the production and scavenging of ROS. Until r...

Loading conditions and complex geometry have led the cylinder heads to become the most challenging parts of diesel engines. The aim of this study is to compare the distribution of temperature and stress in the aluminum and magnesium cylinder heads under thermo-mechanical loads. The three-dimensional model of the cylinder heads was simulated in abaqus software and a two-layer viscoplasticity mod...

Introduction. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in aluminum reduction cells (see Fig. 1) have been the subject of several studies, since the pioneering work of Urata et al. [1]. The interaction between the electrolysis current in the cell and the background magnetic field due to remote currents gives rise to a strong magnetic force acting on the fluids inside the cell. Different kinds of ...