Aluminium, the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust, occurs in nature in combination with silicon and oxygen (i.e. as aluminium silicate). When subject to tropical weathering, aluminium silicate may react to form aluminium hydroxide. Rock containing high concentrations of aluminium hydroxide is called bauxite. This rock is the usual starting material for the production of aluminium....

Blood and urine aluminium concentrations were studied in industrially exposed workers using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Welders and workers making aluminium powder and aluminium sulphate had higher concentrations in blood and urine than non-exposed referents. Workers in the electrolytic production of aluminium had higher urine but not blood concentrations than the referents. ...

This paper presents an experimental design approach to the process parameter optimization for compocasting of A356-SiCp composites. Toward this end, parameters of stirring temperature, stirring time, stirring speed and SiC content were chosen and three levels of these parameters were considered. The D-optimal design of experiment (DODE) was employed for experimental design and analysis of resul...

Uncertainties exist over the glomerular filtration of aluminium and virtually nothing is known about its segmental handling along the nephron. The present study has used micropuncture, combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, to determine directly the aluminium content of glomerular filtrate and of late PCTs (proximal convoluted tubules) and early distal tubules in anaesthet...

Until 1990 biokinetic studies of aluminium metabolism and biokinetics in man and other animals had been substantially inhibited by analytical and practical difficulties. Of these, the most important are the difficulties in differentiating between administered aluminium and endogenous aluminium-especially in body fluids and excreta and the problems associated with the contamination of samples wi...

The increasing use of aluminimum in packaging applications results many different aluminium-based products ending up consumer mixed-waste bins. This waste is typically incinerated, generating an aluminium-containing bottom ash. current work investigates the recyclability aluminium fraction ash from incineration plants USA, UK and Denmark. Incinerated Al-samples size fractions (2–6 mm, 6–12 mm 1...

the dehdasht bauxite deposits are located 40 km northeast of dehdasht in kohgilouye and boyer-ahmad province. it is a part of the irano-hymalayan karstic bauxite belt located in the upper part of karstic depressions of santonian-turonian sarvak carbonate formation. the aim of this study is to determine various geneses of pisoliths and prevalent processes in bauxitization. for this purpose, labo...

Phytotoxicity of aluminium is one of the most serious problems in limiting plant growth in acidic soils. A number of plant species exhibit inheritable aluminium tolerance by the secretion of organic acids which is highly specific to aluminium stress and localized to the root apices. Organic acids have been considered to play an important role in the detoxification of aluminium, both externally ...

Serum aluminium concentrations and biopsy specimens of bone were examined in 56 patients with end stage chronic renal failure receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Deposits of aluminium in bone specimens were often associated with low bone formation with or without osteomalacia. Serum aluminium concentrations of greater than 3.7 mumol/l (10 micrograms/100 ml) indicated a high probability of depo...

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel method of metal surface modification during the process by addition strengthening particles. FSP produced refined microstructures with development added ceramic particles on metal. In this FSP, mechanical characteristics were enhanced parameters, tool spinning speed, traverse speed and axial force high carbon chromium die steel (non-consumable tool). re...