Cell stress, viral infection, and translational inhibition increase the abundance of human Alu RNA, suggesting that the level of these transcripts is sensitive to the translational state of the cell. To determine whether Alu RNA functions in translational homeostasis, we investigated its role in the regulation of double-stranded RNA-activated kinase PKR. We found that overexpression of Alu RNA ...

Exonization of Alu elements is a major mechanism for birth of new exons in primate genomes. Prior analyses of expressed sequence tags show that almost all Alu-derived exons are alternatively spliced, and the vast majority of these exons have low transcript inclusion levels. In this work, we provide genomic and experimental evidence for diverse splicing patterns of exonized Alu elements in human...

A series of clones that contain human Alu family elements are actively transcribed in soluble in vitro RNA polymerase III systems. The 5' ends of the in vitro transcripts are located about 170 nucleotides upstream of the eponymous Alu I site of the repeat, while a region associated with specifying of the initiation site for in vitro transcription lies in the region between 79 and 106 nucleotide...

ALU stands for arithmetic logic unit. As insinuated by its name, the ALU handles any arithmetic or logic requirements needed by the processor. This includes basic arithmetic operations such as addition, multiplication, and Boolean instructions. The CPU gives the inputs to the ALU through the data buses. The size of the buses can vary greatly, based on the bit of the CPU. Along with the data, an...

Long and short interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs) are retroelements that make up almost half of the human genome. L1 and Alu represent the most prolific human LINE and SINE families, respectively. Only a few Alu elements are able to retropose, and the factors determining their retroposition capacity are poorly understood. The data presented in this paper indicate that the length of Alu "A-...

Alu repetitive elements are known to be major contributors to genome instability by generating Alu-mediated copy-number variants (CNVs). Most of the reported Alu-mediated CNVs are simple deletions and duplications, and the mechanism underlying Alu-Alu-mediated rearrangement has been attributed to non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Chromosome 17 at the p13.3 genomic region lacks extens...

Alu elements are a family of short interspersed repeats that have mobilized throughout primate genomes by retrotransposition over the past 65 Myr of primate evolution (for a review, see Deininger and Batzer 1993). In the human genome, Alu elements exist in copy numbers of approximately 500,000 per haploid genome, representing approximately 5% of the genome, and they may be classified into group...

Alu and B1 repeats are mobile elements that originated in an initial duplication of the 7SL RNA gene prior to the primate-rodent split about 80 million years ago and currently account for a substantial fraction of the human and mouse genome, respectively. Following the primate-rodent split, Alu and B1 elements spread independently in each of the two genomes in a seemingly random manner, and, ac...

Alu retrotransposons are the most numerous and active mobile elements in humans, causing genetic disease and creating genomic diversity. Mobile element scanning (ME-Scan) enables comprehensive and affordable identification of mobile element insertions (MEI) using targeted high-throughput sequencing of multiplexed MEI junction libraries. In a single experiment, ME-Scan identifies nearly all AluY...

In this paper, we present: 1) design of a single-rail energy-efficient 64-b Han–Carlson ALU, operating at 482 ps in 1.5 V, 0.18m bulk CMOS; 2) direct port of this ALU to 0.18m partially depleted SOI process; 3) SOI-optimal redesign of the ALU using a novel deep-stack quaternary-tree architecture; 4) margining for max-delay pushout due to reverse body bias in SOI designs; and 5) performance scal...