in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

Modeling plant response to salinity and nitrogen deficiency is very important for estimating optimum yield in arid and semi-arid regions. For this purpose, the models of Leibig-Sprengel (LS) and Mitscherlich-Baule (MB) originally proposed to explain plant response to nutrients only were modified to evaluate plant yield response to combined nitrogen and salinity stress conditions. Afterwards, in...

abstract in the present research solution of chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid in hydrometallurgy method using electrochemistry with cyclic voltammetry technique has been investigated. the value of maximum reduction peak current of copper ions represents the measure of solubility. in this research different parameters temperature, potential, potential exert time, chalcopyrite concentration, sulfur...

critical thinking ability has an important role in education. accordingly, scholars around the world are searching for new ways for teaching and improving students critical thinking ability. in line with the studies in efl contexts supporting the positive relationship between critical thinking and writing performances, this study investigated the differential effects of halverson’s critical thi...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...

Modeling plant response to salinity and nitrogen deficiency is very important for estimating optimum yield in arid and semi-arid regions. For this purpose, the models of Leibig-Sprengel (LS) and Mitscherlich-Baule (MB) originally proposed to explain plant response to nutrients only were modified to evaluate plant yield response to combined nitrogen and salinity stress conditions. Afterwards, in...