Background: Forest roads are among the most basic infrastructure used for forestry activities and services. To facilitate increased amount of biomass harvesting adequately, existing road network may require modifications to allow forest transportation within units that not yet accessed by roads. The construction a can trigger landslides, so necessary constraints should be considered when is bei...

Considering that metro network expansion brings us with more alternative routes, it is attractive to integrate the impacts of routes set and the interdependency among alternative routes on route choice probability into route choice modeling. Therefore, the formulation, estimation and application of a constrained multinomial probit (CMNP) route choice model in the metro network are carried out i...

Ad hoc routing protocols that use broadcast for route discovery may be inefficient if the path between any pair sourcedestination is frequently broken. In order to efficiently use network resources, this paper proposes to use a controlled flooding (CF) mechanism to replace network-wide broadcast in route discovery procedures. CF is used to build alternative routes around the shortest-path betwe...

Traffic Emergency Management deals with directing the vehicular and pedestrian traffic around traffic disruptions due to emergencies, such as accidents or flooded roadways, aiming to ensure the safety of drivers, pedestrians, and emergency responders. In this study, a scenario involving the local flooding of the A1 motorway, one of Italy’s main highways connecting north to the south, is studied...

The synthesis of H-bonded bent-core side-chain liquid crystal polymers carried out by two alternative synthetic routes and their properties are reported.

Migrants, such as birds or representatives of other taxa, usually make use of several stopover sites to cover the distance between their site of origin and destination. Potentially, multiple routes exist, but often little is known about the causes and consequences of alternative migration routes. Apart from their geographical distribution, the suitability of potential sites might play an import...