In the graph distance game, two players alternate in constructing a maximal path. The objective function is the distance between the two endpoints of the path, which one player tries to maximize and the other tries to minimize. In this paper we examine the distance game for various graph operations: the join, the corona and the lexicographic product of graphs. We provide general bounds and exac...

We construct a model of policy reform in which two players continually search for Pareto improving policies. The players have imperfect control over the proposals that are considered. Inefficient gridlock takes place due to the difficulty in finding moderate policies. The reform process is path dependent, with early agreements determining long-run outcomes. The process may also be cyclical, as ...

In heterogeneous network environments, the network connections of a multi-homed device may have significant bandwidth differential. For a multihomed transmission protocol designed for network failure tolerance, such as SCTP, path selection algorithms for data transmission drastically affect performance. This article studies the effect of path bandwidth differential on the performance of retrans...

In the next generation Internet, the network will evolve from a plain communication medium into one that provides endless services to the users. These services will be composed of multiple cooperative distributed application elements. We name these services overlay applications. The cooperative application elements within an overlay application will build a dynamic communication mesh, namely an...

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen (N) supply andirrigation methods on the root growth and distribution of maize (Zea mays L.) in Wuwei,northwest China in 2011 and 2012. The irrigation treatments included alternate furrow irrigation(AI), fixed furrow irrigation (FI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CI). The N supply treatmentsincluded alternate ...

Objectives: The objective of this work is to monitor and manage the traffic flow, so an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) developed that comprises fundamental information real-time flow. Methods: For reducing road Traffic Congestion (TC), paper proffers efficient prediction framework optimal alternate route selection. conversion videos (from surveillance camera) into frames done, then pre...

Internet routing protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), compute a shortest path tree from each node to other nodes in the network, using link-state information. Such protocols do not consider the queueing situation at a given node. An alternate path of higher cost may be more convenient to use than the optimum path when a long queue is present at the node. This paper proposes a new...