The activity of allopurinol-loaded polyethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles against Trypanosoma cruzi was compared to that of free allopurinol using in vitro cultures of epimastigotes. Ethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were prepared by an emulsion polymerization process, and formulations containing different concentrations of allopurinol, polyethylcyanoacrylate and surfactants were investigated and ...

Rational prophylaxis of uric acid lithiasis comprises two principles: increase of uric acid solubility in the urine achieved by raising the urinary pH (Peters and Van Slyke, 1946; Prien, 1955; Sperling and de Vries, 1964), and decrease of urinary uric acid (UUA) concentration, achieved by raising urine volume and decrease of UUA excretion. Whereas a rise inurinarypH is easily attained by oral a...

Allopurinol is widely used for hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis, but is associated with cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs). Recently, HLA-B*58:01 allele was identified as a strong genetic marker for allopurinol-induced CADRs in Han Chinese. However, the magnitude of association and diagnosis value of HLA-B*58:01 in allopurinol-induced CADRs remain inconclusive. To investigate this incons...

Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis grown in culture formed millimolar concentrations of allopurinol ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate from [6-14C]allopurinol. In addition, allopurinol 1-ribonucleoside, oxipurinol riboside 5'-monophosphate, and three new metabolites of allopurinol, namely, 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and the corresponding di- and t...

Abstract Introduction There is scant data on the role of hyperuricaemia, gout and allopurinol treatment in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, our aim to investigate possible associations between gout, prescription renal outcomes patients with CKD. Methods The retrospective cohort study involved 1123 Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital (RBWH) patients, enrolled CKD.QLD registry from May 2011 A...

BACKGROUND Because serious adverse reactions to allopurinol have been related to a reduce creatinine clearance rate and prolonged half life of oxypurinol, it has been recommended that the dose should be adjusted according to the rate of creatinine clearance. However, in some patients with gout the dose is not sufficient to reduce serum levels of uric acid (< or =390 micromol/l) and to halt dise...

OBJECTIVES Allopurinol is a uric acid lowering drug used in the treatment of gout and the prevention of tumor lysis syndrome. Allopurinol and its active metabolite oxipurinol inhibit xanthine oxidase, which forms uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. Therapeutic drug monitoring is an important option for evaluation and optimization of allopurinol treatment in case of renal impairment, inter...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the predisposition to different types of allopurinol-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; SJS-TEN, n = 13), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS, n = 10) and Maculopapular eruption (MPE; n = 7), conferred by HLA-B (*) 58:01 in a Thai ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of commonly used medications in comparison with placebo or no treatment for the prevention of renal stone recurrence (metaphylaxis) as documented in the literature. METHODS A MEDLINE search identified 14 randomized, controlled trials comprising 20 treatment arms and 6 different drug therapies for the prevention of stone recurrence. The active treatment arm...

Objectives Verinurad (RDEA3170) is a high affinity, selective uric acid transporter (URAT1) inhibitor indevelopment for treating gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. This phase IIa study evaluated the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of verinurad combined with allopurinol versus allopurinol alone in adults with gout. Methods Forty-one subjects were randomised into two cohorts of...