the objective of the present study was to detect polymorphism in follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) and beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (fshβ) genes and their relation to litter size and body weight trait in baluchi, iran black and arman sheep breeds. pcr-rflp technique using acci and hinfi enzyme treatments employed to detection of polymorphism in fshβ marker site but de...

Microsatellites are composed of tandemly repeated short motifs of 1–6 nucleotides. They are common in eukaryotic genomes; in humans they make up as much as 3% of the genome (Lander et al., 2001). These repeat-containing loci tend to be hypervariable with variation occurring among individuals of the same species as well as between species. The origin and evolution of microsatellites remain a maj...

calpastatin (cast) is a specific inhibiter of calpains, playing a role in meat tenderization and myogenesis. in the present study, the polymorphism of the cast gene of makoei sheep was investigated by polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism technique (pcr–sscp). genomic dna was extracted from whole blood samples collected from 100 sheep. a 622 bp cast exon 1 segmen...

Recent work suggests that the 9-repeat (9R) allele located in the 3'UTR VNTR of the SLC6A3 gene increases risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no study reporting this association to date has been based on population-based samples. Furthermore, no study of which we are aware has assessed the joint action of genetic and DNA methylation variation at SLC6A3 on risk of PTSD. In thi...

We study the trajectory of an allele that affects a polygenic trait selected toward a phenotypic optimum. Furthermore, conditioning on this trajectory we analyze the effect of the selected mutation on linked neutral variation. We examine the well-characterized two-locus two-allele model but we also provide results for diallelic models with up to eight loci. First, when the optimum phenotype is ...

MicroRNA-27a (miR-27a) is deemed as an oncogene in malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), and rs895819 within pre-miR-27a may affect its secondary structure, leading to its aberrant expression and dysfunction of its targeted gene. We investigated genotype and allele frequencies of the locus in 412 I-III stage CRC cases and 412 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals to explore the pos...

Statistics for linkage disequilibrium (LD), the non-random association of alleles at two loci, depend on the frequencies of the alleles at the loci under consideration. Here, we examine the r(2) measure of LD and its mathematical relationship to allele frequencies, quantifying the constraints on its maximum value. Assuming independent uniform distributions for the allele frequencies of two bial...

The introduction and persistence of novel, sexually antagonistic alleles can depend upon factors that differ between males and females. Understanding the conditions for invasion in a two-locus model can elucidate these processes. For instance, selection can act differently upon the sexes, or sex linkage can facilitate the invasion of genetic variation with opposing fitness effects between the s...