[No Abstract] To the editor: In a recent publication entitle “Surveillance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Pakistan”  published in “The Lancet Infectious Diseases”, the authors claimed that before the Eid al-Adha, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)-livestock infected are imported from Iran and Afghanistan to Baluchistan province of Pakistan and then tran...

Factors increasing the risk of DHF outbreaks The occurrence of DHF outbreaks is linked to a number of factors, including the density of mosquito vectors, particularly that of Aedes aegypti. The precise population density of Ae. aegypti that is needed to sustain dengue virus transmission epidemically or endemically has yet to be determined, but experience in Singapore in recent years suggests th...

Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA (H Feldmann MD); Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada (H Feldmann); and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch and Galveston...

African swine fever (ASF) is among the most important viral diseases that can affect domestic and feral pigs. Both clinical signs and pathomorphological changes vary considerably depending on strain virulence and host factors. Acute infections with highly virulent virus strains lead to a clinical course that resembles a viral haemorrhagic fever that is characterized by pronounced depletion of l...

The explosive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with dengue virus infection has cascading effects on endothelial cells lining blood vessels so that the endothelial lining resembles a ‘war zone’1. The activated endothelium is sticky; dysfunctional endothelium may be leaky. These transient endothelial phenomena (battle scars) are more pronounced in patients with dengue haemorrhagi...

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is one of the most widespread arboviroses in the world. It is present in Africa, south-east Europe, the Middle East and Asia. It is caused by a nairovirus (Bunyaviridae family) transmitted by several species of ticks. The geographical distribution of the disease coincides with the distribution of Hyalomma ticks. While infected livestock do not show signs ...