Mortality associated with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains high in humans, warranting improved treatment and prevention strategies. ALI is characterized by the expression of proinflammatory mediators and extensive neutrophil influx into the lung, followed by severe lung damage. Understanding the pathogenesis of LPS-induced ALI is a prerequisite for designing b...

BACKGROUND Despite consensus criteria, diagnosing acute lung injury, or its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) remains challenging. Adding objective measures, such as plasma levels of biological markers could facilitate recognition of ALI/ARDS. This study was designed to assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of biological markers for ALI/ARDS with ventilator-as...

Although acute lung injury (ALI) is an important problem in humans, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Airway instillation of bacterial LPS, a known complement activator, represents a frequently used model of ALI. In the present study, pathways in the immunopathogenesis of ALI were evaluated. ALI was induced in wild-type, C3(-/-), and C5(-/-) mice by airway deposition of LPS. To assess the ...

PURPOSE We sought to determine if use of warm fresh whole blood (WFWB), rather than blood component therapy, alters rates of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed rates of ALI in patients undergoing massive blood transfusions while at a combat support hospital. Patients with ALI were compared with those not developing ALI with respe...

The incidence and mortality of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are still very high, but stem cells show some promise for its treatment. Here we found that intratracheal administration of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) significantly improved survival and attenuated the lung inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. We als...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and management of acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Ireland. METHODS As part of a 10-week prospective national audit of patient demographics and organ failure incidence in intensive care in Ireland, all patients with ALI/ARDS in 14 participating centres were prospectively identified...

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and its extreme manifestation the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions. Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous thiol protein with redox/inflammation modulatory properties relevant to the pathogenesis of ALI. We therefore investigated whether thioredoxin is raised extracellulary in patients ...

Although acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of severe malaria, little is known about the underlying molecular basis of lung dysfunction. Animal models have provided powerful insights into the pathogenesis of severe malaria syndromes such as cerebral malaria (CM); however, no model of malaria-induced lung injury has been definitively established. This study used bronchoalveolar lav...

Property concepts across categories Adjectival meanings—known in the typological literature as property concepts (PCs)—are lexicalized in two ways in the Senegambian language Wolof: i) via stative verbs (PCVs) denoting relations between individuals and properties (1); ii) via mass nouns, denoting the abstract properties themselves (PCNs) (2). (1) PCVs: xonq/njool/bees/baax/rafet red/tall/new/go...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by blast injury, and explore possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS A mouse model of blast injury-induced ALI was established using a self-made explosive device. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to control, ALI and ALI + COS groups. An eight-channel physiological monitor was us...