In the 21st century the fresh water scarcity increased very rapidly due to the urbanization and industrialization process. In these conditions the urban wastewater plays an important role in the water usage criteria. In this aspect, in all the major cities, wastewater treatment plants have been constructed to treat the urban wastewater in view of decreasing the water scarcity. The presence of n...

agricultural sector will be most affected by climate change due to its extensive interaction with the environment. and as a result of changing production conditions, community welfare is changed. this study attempted at understanding the welfare effects of changes in climate parameters on the wheat product. therefore, the yield functions were initially estimated. supply, demand and import funct...

India, which is one of the largest agricultural-based economies, remained closed until the early 1990s. By 1991, there was growing awareness that the inward-looking import substitution and overvalued exchange rate policy coupled with various domestic policies pursued during the past four decades, limited entrepreneurial decision making in many areas and resulted in a high cost domestic industri...

160 ■ MESO ■ No. 1 ■ March-April ■ Vol. XVII (2015) INTRODUCTION The state of livestock production is one of the indicators of the state of agriculture, and the trends in livestock production are indicators of agricultural development. Livestock production impacts the development of a major part of crop production, especially of grain and forage crops, and livestock products such as meat and mi...

For developing countries, the Uruguay Round had mixed results: some positive, negative, and negotiating areas only made marginal progress. In our view, adoption of WTO rules for administering import barriers on contingent protection (mainly antidumping countervailing measures) entailed a major positive institutional shift away from high degree trade policy arbitrariness that prevailed before. c...

The high prevalence of food insecurity experienced by northern First Nations partially results from dependence on an expensive import-based food system that typically lacks nutritional quality and further displaces traditional food systems. In the present study, the feasibility of import substitution by Agroforestry Community Gardens (AFCGs) as socio-ecologically and culturally sustainable mean...

BACKGROUND Trade agreements are increasingly recognised as playing an influential role in shaping national food environments and the availability and nutritional quality of the food supply. Global monitoring of food environments and trade policies can strengthen the evidence base for the impact of trade policy on nutrition, and support improved policy coherence. Using the INFORMAS trade monitor...