An important aspect of language acquisition involves learning the syntactic nonadjacent dependencies that hold between words in sentences, such as subject/verb agreement or tense marking in English. Despite successes in statistical learning of adjacent dependencies, the evidence is not conclusive for learning nonadjacent items. We provide evidence that discovering nonadjacent dependencies is po...

The negotiation process of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) in cloud environment is an interaction process of access control rules and credentials. Due to the mass of credentials in cloud environment, the negotiation efficiency is not high. To address the problem, this paper proposes an Automated Trust Negotiation (ATN) model based on Colored Petri Net (CPN), which exists a legitimate occurren...

This paper introduces a new packet marking algorithm that can be used in the context of Assured Forwarding (AF) in the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) framework [1], [2]. The new marking algorithm is called Equation-Based Marking (EBM) and is based on the TCP model in [3]. EBM is to handle the problems found in other marking schemes regarding fairness among heterogeneous TCP flows through a ...

Negation is known to correlate with changes of word order, agreement, or case marking in the clause. I present data from Skou, a language of north-central New Guinea, which show obliques and adjuncts appearing postverbally in the SOV positive clause and preverbally in negative clauses. Moreover, in addition to these changes in the order of constituents, the grammatical functions assigned in the...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Q-switched laser treatments are considered the standard method for removing both regular and traumatic tattoos. Recently, the removal of tattoo ink using ablative fractional lasers has been reported. Ablative fractional CO2 laser and q-switched ruby laser treatments were used in a split-face mode to compare the safety and efficacy of the two types of laser in removing a...

A blue tattoo is more resistant to laser therapy than black or brown tattoos. This study aimed to confirm titanium as a key response-disturbing constituent in a blue tattoo ink after Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser treatment by animal experiments. Rabbits' backs were tattooed with four ink colours, and the Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser was used to remove the tattoos. The response to the laser treatment in the ...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge tattooing has never been thought of as a method of introducing nanoparticles (NPs) into the human body by the intradermal route, and as such it has never been a topic of research in nanotoxicology. The content of NPs in tattoo inks is unknown. OBJECTIVES To classify the particle sizes in tattoo inks in general usage. METHODS The particle size was measured by lase...