A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies regions of the genome that likely affect the variable state of a phenotype of interest. These regions can then be studied with population genetic methods to make inferences about the evolutionary history of the trait. There are increasing opportunities to use GWAS results – even from clinically-motivated studies – for tests of classic anthropolo...

BACKGROUND The knowledge of Palmaris longus (PL) is a growing interest for its wide role in reconstructive plastic surgeries as a donor tendon for transfer or transplant. The prevalence of the PL agenesis has been well-documented by many authors in different ethnic groups or populations. Many conventional tests for determining the presence of the PL has been described, but lamentably there are ...

In last issue of the Journal, Badr, et al (1) described a case report of 32 years old otherwise healthy man with bilateral epididymal agenesis. In medicine, agenesis refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonal time due to the absence of primordial tissue. Since secondary epididymal atrophy in this case could not be rolled out the term agenesis is inadequate and misleading. Par...

UNLABELLED Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis without any cardiovascular malformation is a rare anomaly. We present the imaging findings of a patient who was diagnosed as isolated left pulmonary artery agenesis. A 27-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital due to dyspnea during exercise for five years. Chest X-ray revealed minimally small left pulmonary hilum and left lung. She w...

Unilateral pulmonary agenesis is a very rare developmental malformation that is often associated with other anomalies. It can be asymptomatic or present with respiratory symptoms. Our case is a female newborn infant who had been taken to the hospital suffering from difficulty in breathing at the first day of birth. The baby died at the age of three days due to respiratory failure. On autopsy ex...

Müllerian agenesis occurs in 1 out of every 4,000–10,000 females. The most common presentation of müllerian agenesis is congenital absence of the vagina, uterus, or both, which also is referred to as müllerian aplasia, Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome, or vaginal agenesis. Satisfactory vaginal creation usually can be managed nonsurgically with successive vaginal dilation; however, there ...