This paper examines open market share repurchases in Canada (called Normal Course Issuer Bids—NCIB). Similar to announcements of U.S. open market share repurchases, announcements of Canadian NCIBs are accompanied by a positive stock price reaction. If NCIBs signal information, then it is not in the same manner as U.S. repurchases. Canadian firms usually announce the legal maximum proportion of ...

OBJECTIVES We assessed severely and persistently depressed patients' interpersonal self-efficacy, problems, and goals, plus changes in interpersonal functioning and depression during 20 weeks of group therapy. METHOD Outpatients (32 female, 26 male, mean age = 45 years) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of goals, efficacy, and problems before completing 20 weeks of manualized group ...

The U.S. Agency for International Development’s strategy for fragile states recognizes the importance of providing health and other key social services as part of humanitarian emergency response and post-conflict interventions (USAID 2005). Concentrating on health needs is critical for dealing with immediate epidemiological crises (Checchi et al. 2007), restoring state functioning, and contribu...

Social workers who have both investigative and helping roles in child protective cases may find the roles to be in conflict and difficult to integrate. This problem has been exacerbated by recent changes in U.S. law and court procedure which place more emphasis on the quality of child abuse investigations. While it may not be easy for social workers to integrate the roles of investigator and he...

We propose causal agency models for representing and reasoning about ethical dilemmas. We find that ethical dilemmas, although they appear similar on the surface, differ in their formal structure. Based on their structural properties, as identified by the causal agency models, we cluster a set of dilemmas in Type 1 and Type 2 dilemmas. We observe that for Type 1 dilemmas but not for Type 2 dile...

This paper investigates the interaction between product market competition and managers’ decision to distribute cash to shareholders. Using a large sample of manufacturing firms, we find that firms in more competitive industries pay more dividends than firms in less competitive markets. Further, consistent with agency theory, we find that the effect of product market competition on corporate pa...

This article argues for a historical-structural approach to explaining conflict and settlement. It argues that the manner in which institutions function and actors pursue their ends is in part determined by slow-moving inter-linked structural relationships whose logic, trajectory and effects can only be identified historically. In complex conflicts such structural configurations generate tenden...

This study examines the impact of agency cost and earnings management by employing data from 30 Industrial Jordanian firms 2009 to 2019. In this study, I will investigate if decreases expenses in Jordan, a country where businesses face issues. The confluence problems earning was tested using static model. main findings suggest that Earnings Management is closely associated with costs. There an ...

Agency problems in economics virtually always entail self-interested agency exhibiting “insufficient” loyalty to principal. Social psychology also has a literature, mainly derived from work by Stanley Milgram, on issues of agency, but this emphasizes excessive loyalty – people undergoing a so-called “agentic shift” and forsaking rationality for loyalty to a legitimate principal, as when “loyal”...

One important role of corporate governance is to ensure that real options are exercised in the interest of the shareholders. This paper explores whether and how this can be achieved in start-up firms by the venture capitalist retaining a post-IPO equity stake. Our setting is a firm whose future prospects are uncertain and strategic choices remain to be made. The payoff to entrepreneur and share...