Abstract While India is entering the period of demographic dividend, female labour participation rates remain very low. This paper aims to provide first force projections for and its regions up year 2060. Projections are achieved using a discrete-time microsimulation model in which changes population size composition come from interaction between characteristics, educational attainment, secular...

Marriage is central to understanding historical populations and the family. Not only is marriage the event in the human life cycle which precipitates family formation, but also marriage patterns are the primary surface on which fertility levels are inscribed. Age at marriage and proportion married determine females’ exposure to risk of pregnancy. Since Hajnal demonstrated the primacy of nuptial...

BACKGROUND During the 20(th) century, the share of elderly in the total population of the Earth has increased steadily. It is expected that this trend will continue in the 21(st) century. In 1950, the elderly (persons aged 60 years and older) were 8% of the world population; in 2000, is already 10%; and in 2050, according to United Nations projections, the proportion will reach 21%. This resear...

Objective This study aimed to identify the major variables in the estimation of health expenditure in OECD member countries with the decision tree method and to categorize the member countries by health expenditure. Methods The study population comprised the 2014 data of the 35 OECD countries. In the study, health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product was the dependent variable whi...

BACKGROUND Newer 2D strain software has a potential to assess layer-specific strain. However, normal reference values for layer-specific strain have not been established. We aimed to establish the normal ranges of layer-specific longitudinal and circumferential strain (endocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS), transmural GLS, epicardial GLS, endocardial global circumferential strain (GCS), ...

introduction: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. this study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esophagus. materials and methods: fifty eight patients with laryngeal cancer, ninety eight patients wit...