Administration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to rats resulted in the urinary excretion of 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1. This is the major product formed by the interaction in vivo of AFB1 with rat liver nucleic acids. The adduct was isolated from urine by the combined use of preparative and analytical high-pressure liquid chromatography and was quantitated by measurement of absorban...

The metabolism of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was examined in microsomes derived from human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing transfected CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 complementary DNAs and in microsomes prepared from human liver donors (n = 4). Lymphoblast microsomes expressing only CYP1A2 activated AFB1 to AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide trapped as the glutathione, conjugate) at ...

The effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), and zearalenone (ZEA) on in vitro response of pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen concanavalin A was assayed after three days of incubation using Hthymidine uptake. Dose response curves for each mycotoxin were generated and the concentrations producing 50% inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50)...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has potent hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic and other adverse effects in human and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by AFB1 in the jejunum of broilers. Broilers, as experimental animals, were fed 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 diet for 3 weeks. Our results showed that AFB1 reduced the jejunal villus ...

Two experiments were performed to screen bacilli isolated from quails for their aflatoxin removal potential and to assess the efficiency of their amelioration of experimental aflatoxicosis. Nonhemolytic bacilli were selected for in vitro aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) removal and conventional probiotic tests. The isolate with the highest scores was selected for assessment in field experiments and was iden...

Mycotoxins are a common contaminant problem in feed ingredients. Aflatoxins are a class of these fungal contaminants produced by the genus Aspergillus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most common and is a harmful mutagen and liver carcinogen (Biehl and Buck, 1987). Aflatoxins negatively influence growth performance, liver performance, immune response, serum protein levels and relative organ weights.

Four dairy goats in the second to third month of lactation were administered [14C]-Aflatoxin B1 ( [14C]-AFB1). Two goats were dosed intravenously (iv) with 130 muCi (182 muCi/mumol) and two were dosed orally with 196 muCi (256 muCi/mumol). Urine, milk and feces were collected for 120 h after [14C]-AFB1 administration. Recoveries (average of two animals) of 14C in urine, milk and feces were, res...

A total of 694 food samples for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were assessed using a monitoring scheme consisting of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapid screening and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantification. One hundred-four out of 694 samples were found to give positive ELISA readings and were further determined by HPLC analysis. Thirty-two samples including 2 mai...

This study was conducted to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) detection method for point-of-care diagnosis. The one-dot LFIA for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was based on the modified competitive binding format using competition between AFB1 and colloidal gold-AFB1-BSA conjugate for antibody binding sites in the test zone. A Smartphone-based reading system consisting ...

Aflatoxin contamination of foods and livestock feeds is an ongoing problem. In this research, NovaSil PLUS (NSP), a calcium montmorillonite clay that is commonly used as an anticaking agent in feeds, was evaluated for its ability to bind aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in vitro and to prevent the onset of aflatoxicosis and vitamin A depletion in broiler chicks in vivo. Isothermal analyses were conducted wi...